Anatomy and Physiology Review

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Questions and Answers

Which physiological process relies on positive feedback loops to amplify a change, rather than reverse it?

The process of blood clotting after an injury. (correct)
Regulation of blood glucose levels after a meal.
Control of blood pressure during exercise.
Maintenance of a stable core body temperature in cold conditions.

How do arteries and veins differ in their structural adaptation to their function in the cardiovascular system?

Arteries have thinner walls with fewer elastic fibers compared to veins.
Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood, while arteries do not. (correct)
Veins have a thicker layer of smooth muscle compared to arteries.
Arteries carry deoxygenated blood, while veins carry oxygenated blood.

If a doctor is describing a skin laceration as 'distal', what does this indicate about the wound's location?

The wound is located farther from the point of attachment to the torso. (correct)
The wound is located toward the back of the body.
The wound is located closer to the point of attachment to the torso.
The wound is located near the midline of the body.

What is the functional consequence of the arrangement of alveoli in the respiratory system?

It maximizes the surface area for gas exchange between the lungs and the bloodstream. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately compares the roles of mitosis and meiosis in the human body?

Mitosis is involved in growth and repair, producing identical cells, while meiosis is involved in sexual reproduction, producing genetically different cells. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of the small intestine specifically aid in the absorption of nutrients?

It contains numerous villi and microvilli to increase the surface area for absorption. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological significance of the arrangement of bones, ligaments, and cartilage within the skeletal system?

It facilitates movement, provides support, and cushions joints to prevent damage. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) coordinate to respond to an external stimulus, such as touching a hot surface?

The PNS detects the stimulus and transmits sensory information to the CNS, which processes the information and sends a motor command back through the PNS to initiate a response. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of human anatomy, what is the importance of understanding the different planes of the body (sagittal, frontal, and transverse)?

They provide a framework for describing the location of anatomical structures and understanding medical imaging. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do endocrine glands coordinate with the cardiovascular system to regulate bodily functions?

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream, which then transports these hormones to target tissues and organs. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biology

The scientific study of life, including structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms.

Number of Bones in Adult Skeleton

The adult skeleton consists of 206 individual parts that provide support, protection, and movement.

Tendons

Connects muscles to bones, transmitting the force of muscle contraction to facilitate movement.

Nervous System

Controls and coordinates bodily functions, receiving and processing information via electrical signals.