Anatomy and Physiology Quiz

The study of the function of the body organs.

The detailed study of the body of knowledge relating to the bones of the body.

Supports and protects the head and trunk, forming the central axis of the body.

Provides means for movement, including the limbs and shoulder/pelvic girdles.

A body plane that divides the body into right and left sections. A midsagittal plane divides the body into equal right and left halves.

A body plane that divides the body into front and back sections.

The pathway of the central ray (CR) as it exits the x-ray tube, passing through the patient to the image receptor.

A minimum of two projections 90 degrees from each other (3 or more for joints).

The protective framework of the chest, comprised of the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae.

The uppermost part of the lungs, extending above the clavicles.

The lowermost portion of the lungs that rests on the diaphragm.

A space between the lungs that contains the trachea, esophagus, heart, and great vessels.

The thin, double-layered membrane that encloses the lungs.

The area where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs.

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity.

The process of breathing in, where the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, increasing the volume of the chest cavity and drawing air into the lungs.

Fluid buildup in the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity.

The process of breathing out, where the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity and expelling air from the lungs.

A special projection used to visualize air-fluid levels and prevent pulmonary vessel engorgement.

Free air trapped within the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity.

A special projection designed to project the clavicles above the apices of the lungs, allowing for better visualization of the upper lung fields.

An abnormal connection between two organs or tissues.

A condition where a segment of the intestine folds into itself, causing an obstruction.

A condition where a loop of intestines twists around itself, causing a blockage.

An abnormal bulge or widening of the aorta, the main artery carrying blood from the heart.

A radiographic projection of the elbow joint where the patient's forearm is placed on the image receptor, demonstrating both the distal humerus and proximal forearm. The elbow should be flexed 90 degrees, with the hand pronated.

A radiographic projection of the elbow joint where the patient's humerus is placed on the image receptor. The elbow should be flexed about 90 degrees, with the hand pronated, and the elbow joints should be at the center of the image receptor.

A projection of the elbow joint that is used to visualize the radial head and coronoid process in a patient who cannot fully extend their elbow.

A projection of the humerus where the top border of the image receptor should be 1.5 inches above the humeral head. The patient's humerus is slightly abducted, with the hand supinated. The condyle should be parallel to the image receptor with the greater tuberosity in profile.

A projection of the humerus where the patient's arm is abducted and flexed 90 degrees, with the elbow internally rotated and the hand resting on the hip. The top border of the image receptor should be 1.5 inches above the humeral head.

X-ray projection where the humeral condyles are perpendicular to the image receptor. Pronate the hand to obtain this position. Lesser tubercle is in profile and the epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR.

X-ray projection where the humeral condyles are parallel to the image receptor. Supinate the hand to obtain this position. Greater tubercle is in profile and the epicondyles are parallel to the IR.

X-ray projection with the humeral condyles at a 45° angle to the image receptor. Palm of the hand is placed against the thigh. Epicondyles are at approximately a 45° angle to the image receptor.

X-ray projection where the patient's arm is placed against the image receptor. The unaffected arm is elevated. The proximal humerus is projected through the lung field.

This projection is particularly useful for diagnosing shoulder dislocations. The acromion and coracoid process form a "Y" shape.

The clavicle is positioned above the scapula, reducing superimposition. Requires a 15-30° cephalic angle (PA caudal). More angle for thin shoulders, less for thick shoulders.

X-ray projection of the scapula with the arm abducted and flexed 90°. This position resembles a 'stop sign'.

X-ray projection of the scapula in 45-60° anterior oblique position. RAO for the right scapula, LAO for the left scapula. The image includes the scapula's body.

X-ray projection used to evaluate the AC joint. Utilized with and without weights. The patient must be in the upright position.

The scapula is placed parallel to the image receptor. The affected shoulder is closer to the detector.

X-ray projection where the central ray enters the axilla. This is an axial view.

The joint between the clavicle and the scapula, located at the lateral end of the clavicle. It allows for gliding and some rotary motion.

Rotating the 2nd digit 45 degrees medially (internally) with the CR directed to the 2nd PIP joint.

The joint between the clavicle and the sternum.

The joint between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula. This is a ball-and-socket joint.

Rotating the 4th & 5th digit 45 degrees laterally (externally) with the CR directed to the respective PIP joint.

The bony structure that forms the upper part of the shoulder girdle.

Patient's hand is pronated with the CR directed to the mid-carpal region. Fingers are flexed to reduce OID and include the distal 1/3 of the radius & ulna to proximal metacarpals.

The hand is rotated 45° laterally from a PA position. The CR is directed to the mid-carpal region.

The hand is supinated and internally rotated 45 degrees. The CR is directed to the mid-carpal region.

The hand is rotated 90 degrees with the CR directed to the mid-carpal region. The styloid processes are superimposed.

Increase kVp by 4-6 kV for a fiberglass cast and by 8-10 kV for a plaster cast.

The CR is angled 20 degrees towards the elbow, OR the hand is elevated 20 degrees with no CR angle.

A transverse fracture of the distal radius with backward displacement of the hand. Often called a 'dinner fork deformity' due to the shape of the fractured bone.

A transverse fracture of the base of the 5th metacarpal often caused by punching an object with a closed fist.

A fracture of the distal radius where the fractured portion of the bone is displaced forward.

A fracture of the scaphoid bone, often caused by a fall on an outstretched hand.

A single PA projection of the non-dominant hand and wrist.

The Ulna is on the medial (inside) side of the forearm, while the Radius is on the lateral (outside) side.

The hand is supinated, CR is directed to the midshaft and a 40” SID is used. The light field should include 2 inches of each joint, with 1 inch of collimation on the sides for a marker.

The elbow is flexed 90 degrees with the hand/wrist in a lateral position. The CR is directed to the midshaft and a 40” SID is used. The light field should include 2 inches of each joint.