Lecture 3

Body Function and Structure

• Physiology is the study of how the body functions.
• Anatomy is the study of the body's structures.
• The fundamental unit of life is the cell.

Tissue Types and Functions

• Skeletal muscle is responsible for voluntary movement.
• Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities, providing protection, secretion, and absorption.
• Adipose tissue stores fat for energy and insulation, protecting organs.
• Simple columnar epithelial tissue forms the intestinal lining and is crucial for nutrient absorption.
• Tendons connect muscles to bones, while ligaments connect bones at joints.

Muscle and Nervous Tissue

• Cardiac muscle is found in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.
• Smooth muscle tissue consists of long fibers and is responsible for involuntary movements in internal organs.
• Nervous tissue processes and transmits information through electrical impulses.

Organ Systems Overview

• The reproductive system produces gametes and offspring.
• The endocrine system regulates body temperature, metabolism, and reproduction through hormones.
• The immune system defends against pathogens and disease.
• The digestive system extracts and absorbs nutrients from food.
• The circulatory system transports nutrients, wastes, hormones, and gases throughout the body.
• The nervous system regulates behavior and controls sensory and motor functions.
• The urinary system removes waste from the blood and regulates body fluids.
• The integumentary system protects against injury, infection, and fluid loss.
• The muscular system moves limbs and trunk, providing structure and support.
• The respiratory system is involved in the movement of air and gas exchange.
• The skeletal system protects and supports the body and its organs.