Anatomy and Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential consequence of significant changes in the microbiome of the human integumentary system?

  • Improved resistance to infections
  • Lower risk of chronic diseases
  • Increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases (correct)
  • Enhanced digestive health

    • What effect do early exposure to antibiotics have on the makeup of microbes in the human intestines?

  • They may increase susceptibility to autoimmune diseases (correct)
  • They may decrease risk of autoimmune diseases
  • They have no impact on the microbiome
  • They improve the effectiveness of the immune system

    • Why is the use of cats and rats ideal in undergraduate anatomy programs?

  • They are exclusively used in human medicine
  • Their internal structures are similar to humans (correct)
  • They are genetically identical to humans
  • They require less ethical consideration

    • Why might mammals like rats and pigs be considered good predictors for drug therapy responses in humans?

    <p>They share over 90% of their genes with humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mammal species typically respond to drugs that are toxic to one of their own kind?

    <p>They tend to respond similarly to other mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected impact of significant changes in the microbiome of the human gut?

    <p>Increase the likelihood of developing autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true concerning the changes in the microbiome?

    <p>Alterations in the microbiome can affect human gut health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about autoimmune diseases and microbiome is false?

    <p>The integumentary system is affected by gut microbiome changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does early research indicate regarding the relationship between the gut microbiome and autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Gut microbiome changes can heighten disease susceptibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does not contribute to susceptibility to autoimmune diseases based on the discussed content?

    <p>Integumentary system dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inguinal region is commonly known as the?

    <p>groin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The umbilical region is commonly known as the?

    <p>naval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is identified by the term "sural"?

    <p>calf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called a?

    <p>sagittal plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the?

    <p>abdominal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to inflammation of the membrane lining the body cavity that contains the liver?

    <p>Peritonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity is lined by which serous membrane?

    <p>parietal peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a negative feedback mechanism, what is the primary role of the effector?

    <p>Reverses the original stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What response is likely initiated by a sensory receptor detecting low oxygen levels in the blood?

    <p>An increase in the respiratory rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a negative feedback mechanism?

    <p>Stabilizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical term describes a position that is 'away from the midline of the body'?

    <p>Lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the thumb anatomically related to the fifth digit (little finger)?

    <p>Lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical relationship between the shoulder and the elbow?

    <p>Proximal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is located most inferiorly in the body?

    <p>Pelvic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visceral pleura?

    <p>The serous membrane that covers the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which description accurately defines the parietal peritoneum?

    <p>The serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mesentery in the body?

    <p>A double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pleural cavity?

    <p>The space located between the visceral and parietal pleura.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the parietal pericardium is true?

    <p>It is a double-layered membrane covering the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of physiology would study the effects of sunbathing on the skin?

    <p>Regional physiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a function of the control center within a feedback mechanism?

    <p>It transports signals to the effectors directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique creates a three-dimensional dynamic image of blood vessels?

    <p>Digital subtraction angiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Magnetic resonance imaging is based on the movement of which particles in a magnetic field?

    <p>protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called what?

    <p>PET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An anatomical image created from sound waves is known as a/an:

    <p>sonogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major limitation of radiographs?

    <p>they give only a flat, two-dimensional image of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of tissues is referred to as:

    <p>histology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anatomy is defined as:

    <p>the study of structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subdivision of anatomy involves the study of organs that function together?

    <p>systemic anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Multiple Choice Questions - Anatomy and Physiology

    • Question 1: Digital subtraction angiography creates a 3-dimensional dynamic image of blood vessels.

    • Question 2: Magnetic resonance imaging is based on the movement of protons in a magnetic field.

    • Question 3: The delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study metabolism of tissues is called PET.

    • Question 4: An anatomical image created from sound waves is a sonogram.

    • Question 5: A major limitation of radiographs is that they only give a flat, two-dimensional image of the body.

    • Question 6: The study of the body's organization by areas is regional anatomy.

    • Question 7: The study of the external form of the body and its relationship to deeper structures is surface anatomy.

    • Question 8: The study of tissues is histology.

    • Question 9: Anatomy is the study of structure.

    • Question 10: The study of the structural features and functions of the cell is cytology.

    • Question 11: Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of histology.

    • Question 12: The subdivision of anatomy that involves the study of organs that function together is systemic anatomy

    • Question 13: An investigator who experiments to determine how pH affects enzyme function is a physiologist.

    • Question 14: An organelle is a small structure within a cell.

    • Question 15: An organ is a structure composed of several tissue types.

    • Question 16: A cell is the basic structural unit of living organisms.

    • Question 17: A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function.

    • Question 18: An organ system is a group of organs working together.

    • Question 19: The cardiovascular system carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients.

    • Question 20: Blood cell production takes place in the cardiovascular system.

    • Question 21: Degeneration of cartilage affects the musculoskeletal system.

    • Question 22: The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are part of the digestive system.

    • Question 23: The integumentary system regulates body temperature.

    • Question 24: The urinary system removes nitrogenous waste and regulates blood pH and balance.

    • Question 25: An organism's ability to swim is an example of responsiveness.

    • Question 26: The changes an organism undergoes through time is called development.

    • Question 27: Nerve cells generating signals is an example of responsiveness.

    • Question 28: An increase in the number of cells is growth.

    • Question 29: Homeostasis is consistent with elevated blood glucose levels causing insulin secretion.

    • Question 30: Homeostasis is consistent with sweating in response to increased temperature.

    • Question 31: In negative feedback, the response of the effector reverses the original stimulus.

    • Question 32: Stimulation of a sensory receptor detecting decreasing oxygen will produce a response that increases oxygen concentration.

    • Question 33: A stabilizer (is not a component of negative feedback).

    • Question 34: Away from the midline is lateral.

    • Question 35: The thumb is lateral to the little finger.

    • Question 36: The nose is superior to the chin

    • Question 37: The shoulder is lateral to the elbow.

    • Question 38: Toward the attached end of a limb is proximal.

    • Question 39: The pelvic cavity is most inferior.

    • Question 40: During a pole vault, the hips are anterior to the shoulders.

    • Question 41: Cephalic means toward the head.

    • Question 42: Posterior means toward the back.

    • Question 43: Medial means toward the middle.

    • Question 44: Proximal means closer to the point of attachment.

    • Question 45: Deep means further from the surface.

    • Question 46: Digits are used in the expression "Let your fingers do the walking."

    • Question 47: The anatomical arm extends from the shoulder to the fingers.

    • Question 48: The lumbar region is the lower back.

    • Question 49: The antecubital region is in front of the elbow.

    • Question 50: The antebrachial region is the forearm.

    • Question 51: The pectoral region is the chest area.

    • Question 52: The plantar surface is the bottom of the foot.

    • Question 53: The brachial region is the upper arm.

    • Question 54: The inguinal region is the groin.

    • Question 55: The gluteal region is the buttock.

    • Question 56: The sternal region is the breastbone.

    • Question 57: The umbilical region is the navel.

    • Question 58: The cervical region is the neck.

    • Question 59: The popliteal region is the hollow behind the knee.

    • Question 60: The sural region is the calf.

    • Question 61: The femoral region is the thigh.

    • Question 62: The axillary region is the armpit.

    • Question 63: Separating the body into right and left is a sagittal plane.

    • Question 64: Cutting off your nose is a coronal section.

    • Question 65: The cavity immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the abdominal cavity.

    • Question 66: Inflammation of the membrane around the liver is pericarditis.

    • Question 67: The serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity is the parietal peritoneum.

    • Question 68: The visceral pleura is part of the serous membrane covering the lungs.

    • Question 69: The membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the parietal peritoneum.

    • Question 70: The mesentery is a membrane anchoring abdominal organs to the body wall.

    • Question 71: The pleural cavity is the space between visceral and parietal pleura.

    • Question 72: The parietal pericardium lines the pericardial sac.

    • Question 73: Systemic physiology would study sunbathing effects.

    • Question 74: The control center of a feedback mechanism establishes the set point.

    • Question 75: The set point is the ideal normal value in body temperature regulation.

    • Question 76: Homeostatic variables can and do change in value over a time period.

    • Question 77: Imagined scenario is an example of negative feedback.

    • Question 78: The figure illustrates negative feedback.

    • Question 79: Platelets adhering to a damaged blood vessel is an example of positive feedback.

    • Question 80: Positive feedback mechanisms are less common in healthy people.

    • Question 81: A person lying face-down is in a prone position.

    • Question 82: Coronal is not a term for cuts that separate the body into left and right portions.

    • Question 83: The plane that separates anterior and posterior portions is the frontal plane.

    • Question 84: A cut through the long axis of the organ is a longitudinal section.

    • Question 85: The mediastinum contains the esophagus.

    • Question 86: Microbes are roughly ten thousand to one. (compared to human cells).

    • Question 87: Observations in mice are not proof of drug effectiveness in humans.

    • Question 88: The effect of a drug on mice may not apply to humans.

    • Question 89: Normal function requires the coordinated activity of organ systems.

    • Question 90: The correct order from simplest to most complex is: Mitochondrion; protein; connective tissue; adipocyte (fat cell); stomach

    • Question 91: Five lumbar vertebrae in the human anatomy is an example of physiological variation among individuals

    • Question 92: Blood vessel dilation is a response to rising body temperature. Its an example of negative feedback.

    • Question 93: Labor contractions are regulated by positive feedback.

    • Question 94: Rising blood glucose stimulates release of insulin is an example of negative feedback.

    • Question 95: Size change of bone marrow is a process, while the transformation of blood stem cells is cell differentiation.

    • Questions 96-98: See answers to the provided question sets

    • Question 99: The structure below the heart and to the side is the liver

    • Question 100: The urinary bladder; however a few other structures are in the right lower quadrant or region. (Appendix, Large intestine).

    • Question 101: The urinary bladder would be damaged.

    • Question 102: Parathyroid hormone is released to raise calcium levels if they are too low.

    • Question 103: A physiological example of responsiveness is shivering when cold.

    • Question 104: Increased blood pressure and pH changes would signal a possible dysfunction in the respiratory system.

    • Question 105: Dr. Ali's research is focused on the signaling occurring between cells.

    • Question 106: Cutting the esophagus from top to bottom is a longitudinal section.

    • Question 107: A midsagittal cut would present the body in anterior view, without sectional cuts.

    • Question 108: A tire pressure sensor is akin to a receptor of a homeostatic reflex-arc

    • Question 109-110: Reference the diagram to find the structures. A and B respectively

    • Question 111: A structure within the abdominopelvic cavity is the retroperitoneal organs.

    • Question 112-128: The statements are true or false regarding medical and anatomical principles

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    Test your knowledge of Anatomy and Physiology with this multiple choice quiz. Covering topics such as imaging techniques, tissue study, and anatomical organization, this quiz will challenge your understanding of the human body's structure and function. Perfect for students and enthusiasts alike!

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