Anatomy and Physiology Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of mitosis in human tissues?

  • To eliminate waste products
  • To facilitate the growth and reproduction of cells (correct)
  • To create energy for the cell
  • To increase the size of the cell

Which of the following is NOT considered a favorable condition for cell growth?

  • Adequate oxygen
  • Toxins in the environment (correct)
  • Sufficient nutrients
  • Appropriate temperature

How does metabolism primarily support cellular functions?

  • By increasing waste products
  • By storing proteins for energy
  • By converting nutrients into energy (correct)
  • By dividing cells into two

Which tissue type is responsible for transmitting signals within the nervous system?

<p>Nerve Tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of connective tissue in the body?

<p>To support and bind together other tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of water does the human brain contain?

<p>73 percent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of epithelial tissue?

<p>Skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of connective tissue is responsible for its structure and elasticity?

<p>Collagen and elastin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of physiology in studying the body?

<p>Understanding structure and function of organs and systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the nucleus play within a cell?

<p>It is involved in cell reproduction and metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for generating energy within a cell?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the primary function of the cell membrane?

<p>It selectively allows substances to enter and exit the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study focuses on the microscopic structures of tissues?

<p>Histology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a cell reproduces?

<p>It creates new cells for growth and repair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the mitochondria vary among different types of cells?

<p>Muscle cells contain many mitochondria due to high energy needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of life that carries out all life processes?

<p>Cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

<p>Create energy from nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes selectively permeable membranes?

<p>They permit only specific molecules to enter or exit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) primarily located?

<p>In the nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of mitosis responsible for?

<p>Reproducing cells to replace damaged ones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the cell membrane?

<p>To protect the cell and control substance movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of protoplasm in a cell?

<p>To provide the necessary nutrients and environment for cell functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does metabolism contribute to healthy tissue development?

<p>By converting nutrients into energy and removing waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the function of organs?

<p>They are composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is mitosis?

The process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

What are favorable conditions for mitosis?

Favorable conditions for cell growth and reproduction include adequate nutrients, oxygen, water, suitable temperatures, and the ability to eliminate waste.

What are unfavorable conditions for mitosis?

Unfavorable conditions for cell growth and reproduction include toxins, disease, and injury.

What is cell metabolism?

A chemical process that takes place in living organisms, converting nutrients to energy for cell function and waste elimination.

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What is connective tissue?

Connective tissue supports, protects, and binds together other tissues. Examples include bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia, blood, and fat.

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What is epithelial tissue?

Epithelial tissue forms a protective lining on body cavities and organ surfaces. Examples include skin, mucous membranes, and lining of the heart, digestive, and respiratory organs.

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What is muscle tissue?

Muscle tissue contracts and moves parts of the body.

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What is nerve tissue?

Nerve tissue carries messages through the central nervous system to control and coordinate bodily functions.

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Anatomy

The study of the body's structure, focusing on the organs and systems.

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Physiology

The study of the body's functions, examining how organs and systems work together.

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Histology

The study of cells and tissues, focusing on their detailed structure and organization.

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What is the function of the nucleus?

The control center of a cell, responsible for cell reproduction and metabolism. It contains DNA.

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What is the function of mitochondria?

The powerhouses of the cell, converting nutrients into energy (ATP) for cellular processes.

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What is the function of the cell membrane?

A selectively permeable barrier that encloses the cell, controlling the passage of substances in and out.

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What is cell reproduction?

The process by which cells create new cells to replace worn or damaged ones.

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What is cell division?

The division of a cell into two identical daughter cells, allowing for growth and repair.

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Protoplasm

The watery, gel-like fluid within a cell that contains nutrients for growth, reproduction, and repair.

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The Nucleus

The control center of the cell, containing DNA, which determines our genetic makeup.

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Mitochondria: Energy Factories

Mitochondria are organelles that take in nutrients, break them down, and create energy for the cell.

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Selectively Permeable Membrane

A cell membrane selectively allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

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Mitosis: Cell Division

The process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells, ensuring growth and replacement of worn or damaged cells.

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Organs

Structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions.

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Metabolism: Fueling the Cell

The process of converting nutrients into energy for the cell to function and eliminating waste. It is crucial for healthy tissue development.

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Cell Reproduction

The ability of a cell to reproduce, ensuring growth and repair of tissues.

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Study Notes

Anatomy and Physiology

  • Anatomy is the study of organs and systems
  • Physiology is the study of structure and function of organs and systems
  • Histology is the study of small structures viewed through a microscope

Basic Cell Structure and Function

  • Cells are the basic units of living organisms
  • Cells perform all life processes
  • There are trillions of cells in the human body
  • Cells vary in size, shape, and purpose

Cell Structures and Functions

  • Nucleus: Dense, active protoplasm in the cell center; responsible for cell reproduction and metabolism; likened to the yolk of a raw egg. Contains nucleoplasm (proteins) and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), dictating genetic makeup (eye color, skin, hair).
  • Mitochondria: Produce energy for the cell. They take in nutrients, break them down, and create ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for cell functions. Abundant in cells with high energy needs, such as muscle cells.
  • Cell Membrane: Encloses the protoplasm and controls the entry and exit of substances. It is selectively permeable.

Cell Reproduction and Division

  • Mitosis is the normal process of cell reproduction
  • Cell reproduction occurs when conditions are favorable (adequate nutrients, oxygen, water, temperature).
  • Mitosis produces identical daughter cells.

Cell Metabolism

  • Metabolism is a chemical process converting nutrients to energy, enabling cell function and eliminating waste.
  • Metabolism is crucial for growth, reproduction, and response to the environment

Body Tissues

  • Connective Tissue: Supports, protects, and binds tissues (bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia, blood, fat.)
  • Epithelial Tissue: Protective lining of cavities, body surfaces
  • Muscle Tissue: Enables body movement
  • Nerve Tissue: Coordinates bodily functions (nerves, brain, spinal cord)

Accessory Organs of the Skin

  • Hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, sensory receptors

Cell Components

  • Protoplasm: A colorless, gel-like substance containing nutrients for cell growth, reproduction, and repair.

Location of DNA

  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is located within the nucleus.

Mitochondria Function

  • Mitochondria are organelles that generate energy for the cell by taking in nutrients, breaking them down, and creating ATP (adenosine triphosphate). They are located throughout the cytoplasm.

Selectively Permeable

  • The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it controls the substances that enter and exit the cell to ensure healthy cell function

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