30 Questions
What allows for the high permeability of the glomerular capillaries?
Fenestrae in the capillaries
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
To produce renin
What is the main difference between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?
The distal tubule is shorter
What is the function of the macula densa?
To detect changes in fluid composition
What is the role of the efferent arteriole in the renal corpuscle?
It has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole
What is the main function of the descending limb of the nephron loop?
Reabsorption of water and solutes
What is the function of the afferent arteriole in the renal corpuscle?
To carry blood into the glomerulus
What is the role of the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule?
To cover the glomerular capillaries
What is the function of the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle?
To allow fluid from the blood to enter the proximal convoluted tubule
What is the purpose of the fenestrae in the glomerular capillaries?
To facilitate the filtration of fluid from the blood
What is the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the renal corpuscle?
To monitor the concentration of sodium and other ions in the distal convoluted tubule
What is the function of the podocytes in the glomerular capsule?
To wrap around the glomerular capillaries and form the filtration slits
What percentage of cardiac output is filtered by the kidneys per minute?
21%
Which of the following substances is NOT regulated by the kidneys?
Iron (Fe2+)
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
Regulation of blood glucose levels
Which part of the kidney's internal anatomy surrounds the renal sinus?
Medulla
What is the function of the renal fascia?
To anchor the kidneys and surrounding adipose tissue to the abdominal wall
Which hormone is secreted by the kidneys to regulate red blood cell synthesis?
Erythropoietin
What is the primary factor that contributes to the higher glomerular capillary pressure (GCP) compared to other capillaries in the body?
The smaller diameter of the efferent arteriole compared to the afferent arteriole
Which of the following pressures acts to move fluid out of the glomerular capillaries and into the Bowman's capsule?
Glomerular capillary pressure (GCP)
How does the blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) change along the length of the glomerular capillary?
It increases along the length of the capillary
What is the net filtration pressure that drives fluid out of the glomerular capillaries and into the Bowman's capsule?
GCP - CHP - BCOP
Which of the following pressures acts to move fluid back into the glomerular capillaries from the Bowman's capsule?
Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)
How does the resistance to blood flow through the efferent arteriole compared to the afferent arteriole affect the glomerular capillary pressure (GCP)?
Higher resistance in the efferent arteriole increases the GCP
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
To store and eliminate waste products
What is the main role of the kidneys within the urinary system?
To filter blood and produce urine
What is the functional unit of the kidney called?
Nephron
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
Absorption of nutrients
What is the purpose of the ureters?
To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Which of the following is NOT a component of the urinary system?
Liver
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the renal system, including the functions of the urinary system, kidneys, internal and external features, structure of the nephron, types of nephrons, and arteries and veins of the kidneys.
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