Anatomy and Physiology of the Renal System Quiz #1
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Questions and Answers

What allows for the high permeability of the glomerular capillaries?

  • Fenestrae in the capillaries (correct)
  • High pressure
  • Juxtaglomerular apparatus
  • Porous visceral layer

What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

  • To reabsorb substances from the distal convoluted tubule
  • To increase the diameter of the efferent arteriole
  • To increase the pressure in the glomerular capillaries
  • To produce renin (correct)

What is the main difference between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

  • The distal tubule is shorter (correct)
  • The distal tubule has a larger diameter
  • The proximal tubule has a simple cuboidal epithelium
  • The proximal tubule has more microvilli

What is the function of the macula densa?

<p>To detect changes in fluid composition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the efferent arteriole in the renal corpuscle?

<p>It has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the descending limb of the nephron loop?

<p>Reabsorption of water and solutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the afferent arteriole in the renal corpuscle?

<p>To carry blood into the glomerulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule?

<p>To cover the glomerular capillaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle?

<p>To allow fluid from the blood to enter the proximal convoluted tubule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fenestrae in the glomerular capillaries?

<p>To facilitate the filtration of fluid from the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the renal corpuscle?

<p>To monitor the concentration of sodium and other ions in the distal convoluted tubule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the podocytes in the glomerular capsule?

<p>To wrap around the glomerular capillaries and form the filtration slits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cardiac output is filtered by the kidneys per minute?

<p>21% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is NOT regulated by the kidneys?

<p>Iron (Fe2+) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

<p>Regulation of blood glucose levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the kidney's internal anatomy surrounds the renal sinus?

<p>Medulla (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal fascia?

<p>To anchor the kidneys and surrounding adipose tissue to the abdominal wall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is secreted by the kidneys to regulate red blood cell synthesis?

<p>Erythropoietin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that contributes to the higher glomerular capillary pressure (GCP) compared to other capillaries in the body?

<p>The smaller diameter of the efferent arteriole compared to the afferent arteriole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pressures acts to move fluid out of the glomerular capillaries and into the Bowman's capsule?

<p>Glomerular capillary pressure (GCP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) change along the length of the glomerular capillary?

<p>It increases along the length of the capillary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net filtration pressure that drives fluid out of the glomerular capillaries and into the Bowman's capsule?

<p>GCP - CHP - BCOP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pressures acts to move fluid back into the glomerular capillaries from the Bowman's capsule?

<p>Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the resistance to blood flow through the efferent arteriole compared to the afferent arteriole affect the glomerular capillary pressure (GCP)?

<p>Higher resistance in the efferent arteriole increases the GCP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

<p>To store and eliminate waste products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the kidneys within the urinary system?

<p>To filter blood and produce urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

<p>Nephron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

<p>Absorption of nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ureters?

<p>To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the urinary system?

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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