Anatomy and Physiology of the Renal System Quiz #1
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Questions and Answers

What allows for the high permeability of the glomerular capillaries?

  • Fenestrae in the capillaries (correct)
  • High pressure
  • Juxtaglomerular apparatus
  • Porous visceral layer

    • What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

  • To reabsorb substances from the distal convoluted tubule
  • To increase the diameter of the efferent arteriole
  • To increase the pressure in the glomerular capillaries
  • To produce renin (correct)

    • What is the main difference between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

  • The distal tubule is shorter (correct)
  • The distal tubule has a larger diameter
  • The proximal tubule has a simple cuboidal epithelium
  • The proximal tubule has more microvilli

    • What is the function of the macula densa?

    <p>To detect changes in fluid composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the efferent arteriole in the renal corpuscle?

    <p>It has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the descending limb of the nephron loop?

    <p>Reabsorption of water and solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the afferent arteriole in the renal corpuscle?

    <p>To carry blood into the glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule?

    <p>To cover the glomerular capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle?

    <p>To allow fluid from the blood to enter the proximal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fenestrae in the glomerular capillaries?

    <p>To facilitate the filtration of fluid from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the renal corpuscle?

    <p>To monitor the concentration of sodium and other ions in the distal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the podocytes in the glomerular capsule?

    <p>To wrap around the glomerular capillaries and form the filtration slits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cardiac output is filtered by the kidneys per minute?

    <p>21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is NOT regulated by the kidneys?

    <p>Iron (Fe2+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

    <p>Regulation of blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the kidney's internal anatomy surrounds the renal sinus?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the renal fascia?

    <p>To anchor the kidneys and surrounding adipose tissue to the abdominal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is secreted by the kidneys to regulate red blood cell synthesis?

    <p>Erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that contributes to the higher glomerular capillary pressure (GCP) compared to other capillaries in the body?

    <p>The smaller diameter of the efferent arteriole compared to the afferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pressures acts to move fluid out of the glomerular capillaries and into the Bowman's capsule?

    <p>Glomerular capillary pressure (GCP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) change along the length of the glomerular capillary?

    <p>It increases along the length of the capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net filtration pressure that drives fluid out of the glomerular capillaries and into the Bowman's capsule?

    <p>GCP - CHP - BCOP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pressures acts to move fluid back into the glomerular capillaries from the Bowman's capsule?

    <p>Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the resistance to blood flow through the efferent arteriole compared to the afferent arteriole affect the glomerular capillary pressure (GCP)?

    <p>Higher resistance in the efferent arteriole increases the GCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the urinary system?

    <p>To store and eliminate waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the kidneys within the urinary system?

    <p>To filter blood and produce urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

    <p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

    <p>Absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ureters?

    <p>To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the urinary system?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

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