Lymphatic System Quiz: Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 14

The lymphatic system is not a closed circuit but has access to all body organs, maintaining internal fluid balance and assisting with immune functions.
It transports fats, proteins, and lymphatic fluid throughout the body.
The system restores most of the fluid that filters out of the blood during normal homeostasis.
It consists of lymph nodes, organs (spleen, thymus, and tonsils), and vessels that parallel veins.
Lymph nodes contain lymphocytes (T cells and B cells) responsible for producing antibodies to combat infections.
Lymph nodes cluster in the cervical region, axilla, and groin.

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) is a group of malignancies of the lymphoreticular system.
The median age at diagnosis is 50, although it can occur in childhood (5% of adolescent cancer is NHL).
There are several types of NHL and several different classifications.
The most common sites are the abdomen, mediastinum, and neck.

Hodgkin's Lymphoma is a malignant condition of lymphoreticular origin.
It is different from NHL because of the existence of Reed-Sternberg cells (multinucleated giant cells).
The incidence increases throughout childhood and into the late teenage years, but peaks from ages 15 to 34 and again after age 50.
It is more common among Caucasians, higher socioeconomic groups, and males.

Leukemia is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells in the bone marrow, which accumulate and replace normal blood cells in the marrow.
It can spread to different parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.
Occasionally, the gonads, kidneys, and CNS can be affected.

Vector-Borne Disease is carried by an infected organism (such as a tick or mosquito) to a healthy person.
It is largely preventable by avoiding the habitats where these organisms live or by applying repellent.

Lyme Disease is the most common tick-borne illness in the U.S.
It is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi.
It is a multisystem disorder that can lead to serious arthritic and neurological symptoms if left untreated.
Early localized Lyme begins as a red, circular rash called erythema migrans.
The rash is usually accompanied by a viral-like illness.

Raynaud's Disease is a disorder characterized by vasospasm of the arteries, primarily in the hands; can also affect the feet, nose, and ears.
Primary condition referred to as Raynaud's disease if no other cause beyond vasospasm.
Secondary Raynaud's caused by an underlying problem is termed Raynaud's phenomenon.
Stressors include cold temperatures and emotional trauma.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disorder potentially affecting many parts of the body.
The immune system makes autoantibodies and forms complexes that cause injury and pain.
It tends to be an exacerbation–remission disorder with long-term consequences.
It affects predominantly women in their childbearing years (20-45).

Fibromyalgia is a chronic, noninflammatory, diffuse pain syndrome characterized by multiple areas of musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and depression.
Women diagnosed with the condition outnumber men seven to one.
The predominant age range at diagnosis is between the ages of 30 and 50.
It is characterized by an abnormal and exaggerated response to pain in the neuroreceptors in the brain.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is often a disabling illness.
The primary symptom is severe fatigue persisting 6 months or longer.
It is often accompanied by several other symptoms: cognitive, musculoskeletal, immunological, and neurological systems can be affected.
It commonly occurs in women ages 30 to 50 yr.

Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process of the pancreas with intrapancreatic activation of enzymes.
40% of cases are caused by blockage of the biliary tract by gallstone formation.
35% of acute cases can be attributed to alcohol abuse.
Males tend to have the condition as a result of alcohol.
Females tend to suffer from biliary-tract obstruction.

Hyperthyroidism is characterized by a hypermetabolic state caused by the excess production of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland.
It affects roughly 1 in 50 women and 1 in 500 men throughout their lifetimes.
It is often called Graves' disease.
It is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a diffuse toxic goiter or enlargement of the thyroid gland.
There is a familial predisposition to Graves' disease.

Hypothyroidism is a metabolic condition caused by thyroid hormone deficiency.
It is more prevalent in women and has an increasing frequency with age.
It occurs in about 1 of 300 people.
95% are classified as primary hypothyroidism, the origin involves the thyroid itself.
The most common cause is an inflammatory disorder of the thyroid gland, Hashimoto's thyroiditis.