Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Planes of the Body

• Transverse Plane: Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
• Frontal Plane (Coronal Plane): Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.
• Sagittal Plane: Divides the body into left and right portions.
• Midsagittal Plane: A specific sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.
• Parasagittal Plane: Divides the body into unequal right and left sides.

Sectional Views and Comparisons

• Frontal View:
  • Cannot simultaneously display anterior and posterior structures.
  • Cannot display the sternum and vertebrae at the same time.
• Sagittal View:
  • Cannot produce views of both kidneys simultaneously.
• Transverse View:
  • Cannot display both abdominal and thoracic organs together.

Body Regions

• Axial Region:
  • Includes the sternum, coccyx, ribs, and vertebrae.
• Appendicular Region:
  • Crural region (leg) is part of this region.
  • Carpal (wrist) and anterbrachial (forearm) regions are also included.

Anatomical Relationships

• Lleum to Ilium: Small intestine connected to the hip bone.
• Trapezius to Trapezium: Muscle in the back related to the wrist bone.
• Zygomaticus to Zygomatic: Muscle associated with the zygomatic bone.
• Malleus to Malleolus: Middle ear bone linked to the protuberance of the ankle.

Medical Conditions

• Hypothyroidism: Characterized by decreased thyroid gland function.
• Cardiomyopathy: A disease affecting the heart muscle.
• Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the stomach and intestines.
• Cleidocranial Dysplasia: Abnormal growth affecting the clavicle and skull.
• Hepatomegaly: Indicates an enlarged liver.

Anatomical Terms of Location

• Proximal: Refers to being closer to the origin of a structure.
• Medial: Means toward the midline of the body.
• Cephalad: Direction towards the head from a lower position.
• Superficial: Indicates being near the surface of the body.
• Dorsal: Refers to the back side of the body.