Anatomy and Physiology 2 Flashcards
24 Questions
103 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is cell specialization?

When a group of cells work together by performing individual tasks for large organs and tissues.

What is meant by homeostasis?

The tendency toward relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements.

What are tissues?

Distinct types of materials of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products.

What defines an organ?

<p>A part of an organism that has a specific vital function and is made up of two or more tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four primary tissue types?

<p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is nervous tissue composed of?

<p>Neurons and neuroglial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does muscle tissue play in the body?

<p>Providing movement and heat generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

<p>Covers body surfaces or lines body cavities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does connective tissue do?

<p>Supports, connects, or separates different types of tissues and organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is histology?

<p>The study of body tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nuclei?

<p>Dense organelles present in most eukaryotic cells containing genetic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a histological stain?

<p>Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E stain).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nervous system responsible for?

<p>Coordinating actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the central nervous system consist of?

<p>The brain and spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

<p>Nerves that connect the CNS to every other part of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are neurons?

<p>Electrically excitable cells that process and transmit information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are neuroglial cells?

<p>Non-neuronal cells that support and protect neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes up a neuron?

<p>Cell body, dendrites, and axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is skeletal muscle tissue?

<p>Striated muscle tissue under voluntary control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiac muscle tissue?

<p>Involuntary striated muscle found in the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is smooth muscle tissue?

<p>Involuntary non-striated muscle tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines striated muscle tissue?

<p>Muscle tissue with repeating sarcomeres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are synapses?

<p>Structures that permit a neuron to pass signals to another neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the soma?

<p>Carries motor and sensory information to and from the central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Specialization

Cells specializing in different tasks to create larger, complex structures like organs and tissues.

Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment, like a thermostat keeping room temperature constant.

Tissues

Groups of specialized cells and their products, forming the building blocks of plants and animals.

Organs

Self-contained body parts with specific functions, made of two or more tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Four Primary Tissue Types

The four main tissue types in the body: nervous, muscle, epithelial, and connective.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nervous Tissue

Tissue composed of neurons and neuroglial cells, responsible for controlling and communicating within the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Muscle Tissue

Tissue responsible for movement and heat generation, including skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue covering body surfaces and lining cavities, like skin and linings of organs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Connective Tissue

Tissue that supports, connects, or separates different tissues and organs, like tendons and ligaments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Histology

The scientific study of tissues and their organization and function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nuclei

The plural of nucleus, a dense organelle within eukaryotic cells containing genetic material.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Histological Stain

Stains used in histology, like hematoxylin and eosin, to visualize tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carmine

A red dye extracted from crushed cochineal insects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nervous System

The system responsible for coordinating actions through signal transmission, divided into the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Central Nervous System

The central hub of neural processing, composed of the brain and spinal cord.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Peripheral Nervous System

The system of nerves connecting the CNS to other body parts, transmitting signals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neurons

Electrically excitable cells that process and transmit information via electrical and chemical signals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neuroglial Cells

Non-neuronal cells supporting neurons, maintaining homeostasis, insulating, and connecting neurons to blood vessels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neuron Anatomy

The parts of a neuron: cell body, dendrites, and axon, each with specific roles in signal processing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Body

The central part of a neuron, containing organelles and DNA for sustenance and function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dendrites

Branching extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Axon

A long projection of a neuron that transmits impulses from the cell body to other neurons or cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Types of Muscle Tissue

Types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth, each with unique characteristics and functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Striated and voluntary muscle, attached to bones via tendons, with long, multinucleate cells and evident striations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Involuntary striated muscle found in the heart, with branching cells, intercalated disks, and one nucleus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Involuntary and non-striated muscle, found in organs like the stomach and intestines, with short, tapered cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Striated Muscle Tissue

Muscle tissue with repeating sarcomeres, including cardiac and skeletal muscle, with involuntary contractions in cardiac muscle and voluntary contractions in skeletal muscle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Synapses

Structures where neurons transmit signals, either electrically or chemically, between each other.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Soma

The part of the peripheral nervous system responsible for transporting motor and sensory information to and from the CNS.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Cell Specialization

  • Cells work collaboratively by specializing in distinct tasks for larger organs and tissues.

Homeostasis

  • Refers to the balance maintained between interdependent elements within the body.

Tissues

  • Composed of specialized cells and their products; fundamental materials of plants and animals.

Organs

  • Self-contained body parts with specific vital functions, formed by two or more types of tissues.

Four Primary Tissue Types

  • Nervous, muscle, epithelial, and connective tissue are the main categories of tissue in the body.

Nervous Tissue

  • Composed of neurons and neuroglial cells; crucial for body control and communication.
  • Functions include sensing stimuli and transmitting electrical impulses.

Muscle Tissue

  • Responsible for movement and heat generation; consists of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissues.
  • Highly vascularized, indicating abundant blood flow.

Epithelial Tissue

  • Covers body surfaces and lines cavities; includes covering and lining epithelium.
  • Protects the body and forms the outer layer of skin.

Connective Tissue

  • Supports, connects, or separates different tissues and organs; plays a vital role in structural integrity.

Histology

  • The scientific study focused on biological tissues and their organization and function.

Nuclei

  • Refers to the plural of nucleus; a dense organelle in eukaryotic cells, encased in a double membrane, housing genetic material.

Histological Stain

  • Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) are commonly used stains in histology; hematoxylin stains nuclei blue, while eosin stains cytoplasm pink.

Carmine

  • A red dye extracted from crushed cochineal insects.

Nervous System

  • Coordinates actions through signal transmission; comprises the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Central Nervous System

  • Composed of the brain and spinal cord; central hub of neural processing.

Peripheral Nervous System

  • Consists of nerves that connect the CNS to other body parts; transmits signals between them.

Neurons

  • Electrically excitable cells responsible for processing and transmitting information via electrical and chemical signals.

Neuroglial Cells

  • Non-neuronal cells supporting neurons; help maintain homeostasis, insulate, and connect neurons to blood vessels.

Neuron Anatomy

  • Comprises a cell body, dendrites, and an axon, each fulfilling distinct roles in signal processing.

Cell Body

  • Contains the cell’s organelles and DNA needed for sustenance and function.

Dendrites

  • Branching extensions that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.

Axon

  • Long projection that transmits impulses from the cell body to other neurons or cells.

Types of Muscle Tissue

  • Includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissues, each with unique characteristics and functions.

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

  • Striated and voluntary muscle; attached to bones via tendons; features long, multinucleate cells with evident striations.

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

  • Involuntary striated muscle located in the heart; features branching cells with intercalated disks and one nucleus.

Smooth Muscle Tissue

  • Involuntary and non-striated muscle; can be grouped as single-unit or multiunit; characterized by short, tapered cells without striations.

Striated Muscle Tissue

  • Includes muscle tissues with repeating sarcomeres; involuntary contractions occur in cardiac muscle, while skeletal muscle contractions are generally voluntary.

Synapses

  • Structures that allow neurons to transmit signals, either electrical or chemical, between each other.

Soma

  • Part of the peripheral nervous system responsible for transporting motor and sensory information to and from the CNS.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

This quiz features essential flashcards covering key concepts in Anatomy and Physiology 2. The cards address crucial topics such as cell specialization, homeostasis, and tissues, aiding in the understanding of human body functions. Perfect for students looking to enhance their knowledge in this field.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser