Podcast
Questions and Answers
In which region of the body is the liver located?
In which region of the body is the liver located?
- Epigastric region
- Right hypochondrium (correct)
- Left hypochondrium
- Umbilical region
How many lobes is the liver divided into?
How many lobes is the liver divided into?
- 6
- 4 (correct)
- 3
- 5
What is the main function of the hepatic artery?
What is the main function of the hepatic artery?
- To produce bile
- To drain the liver of deoxygenated blood
- To supply the liver with oxygenated blood (correct)
- To store glycogen
Which of the following is a function of the liver?
Which of the following is a function of the liver?
What is a common cause of liver disease?
What is a common cause of liver disease?
What is a metabolic cause of liver disease?
What is a metabolic cause of liver disease?
What is the average incubation period for hepatitis B?
What is the average incubation period for hepatitis B?
What percentage of people with hepatitis C are asymptomatic?
What percentage of people with hepatitis C are asymptomatic?
How is hepatitis prevented?
How is hepatitis prevented?
What type of virus is hepatitis C?
What type of virus is hepatitis C?
What percentage of people with hepatitis C will develop liver cirrhosis within 20 years?
What percentage of people with hepatitis C will develop liver cirrhosis within 20 years?
What is the primary difference between acute and chronic liver disease?
What is the primary difference between acute and chronic liver disease?
Dentally, what method of anaesthesia is recommended for people with liver disease?
Dentally, what method of anaesthesia is recommended for people with liver disease?
What is the primary cause of jaundice?
What is the primary cause of jaundice?
What is the risk of transmission percentage for hepatitis B from a patient to a healthcare worker with a needlestick injury?
What is the risk of transmission percentage for hepatitis B from a patient to a healthcare worker with a needlestick injury?
What is the primary way bilirubin is normally reduced in the blood?
What is the primary way bilirubin is normally reduced in the blood?
What is the main risk of obstructive jaundice in surgery?
What is the main risk of obstructive jaundice in surgery?
What is the primary dental complication of jaundice?
What is the primary dental complication of jaundice?
What is dental hypoplasia and a greenish discoloration of the teeth in liver disorders associated with?
What is dental hypoplasia and a greenish discoloration of the teeth in liver disorders associated with?
What is the primary symptom of liver failure?
What is the primary symptom of liver failure?
What is the primary cause of cirrhosis?
What is the primary cause of cirrhosis?
What are 2 risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
What are 2 risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
What is the primary investigation used to diagnose liver disease?
What is the primary investigation used to diagnose liver disease?
What is the primary complication of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
What is the primary complication of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
What is the primary risk factor for gallstones?
What is the primary risk factor for gallstones?
What is the primary treatment for gallstones?
What is the primary treatment for gallstones?
What type of infection precedes the development of rheumatic fever?
What type of infection precedes the development of rheumatic fever?
Which heart valve is most commonly affected by rheumatic fever?
Which heart valve is most commonly affected by rheumatic fever?
What is the typical age range for the onset of rheumatic fever?
What is the typical age range for the onset of rheumatic fever?
What is the duration of the latent period before rheumatic fever sets in?
What is the duration of the latent period before rheumatic fever sets in?
What is a risk factor for developing rheumatic fever?
What is a risk factor for developing rheumatic fever?
What is a complication of rheumatic fever in the heart?
What is a complication of rheumatic fever in the heart?
What type of patients are at risk of developing infective endocarditis?
What type of patients are at risk of developing infective endocarditis?
How can a dentist aid in the prevention of infective endocarditis?
How can a dentist aid in the prevention of infective endocarditis?
What is hematuria a sign of?
What is hematuria a sign of?
What does the presence of white blood cells in the urine, along with red blood cells, indicate?
What does the presence of white blood cells in the urine, along with red blood cells, indicate?
What is one of the possible causes of hematuria?
What is one of the possible causes of hematuria?
What is a possible complication of prolonged exercise or horseback/bicycle riding?
What is a possible complication of prolonged exercise or horseback/bicycle riding?
What is the primary diagnostic criterion for rheumatic fever?
What is the primary diagnostic criterion for rheumatic fever?
What is the most common joint involvement in polyarthritis associated with rheumatic fever?
What is the most common joint involvement in polyarthritis associated with rheumatic fever?
What is the percentage of patients with rheumatic fever who develop carditis?
What is the percentage of patients with rheumatic fever who develop carditis?
What is the characteristic of the rash seen in erythema marginatum?
What is the characteristic of the rash seen in erythema marginatum?
What is the association between subcutaneous nodules and rheumatic fever?
What is the association between subcutaneous nodules and rheumatic fever?
What is the percentage of patients with rheumatic fever who develop chorea?
What is the percentage of patients with rheumatic fever who develop chorea?
What is the primary reason for the increasing incidence of endocarditis?
What is the primary reason for the increasing incidence of endocarditis?
What is the primary mechanism of endocarditis?
What is the primary mechanism of endocarditis?
What is the primary risk factor for developing endocarditis?
What is the primary risk factor for developing endocarditis?
What is the primary consequence of endocarditis?
What is the primary consequence of endocarditis?
What allows organisms to adhere and grow, leading to characteristic infections?
What allows organisms to adhere and grow, leading to characteristic infections?
What percentage of endocarditis patients have negative blood cultures?
What percentage of endocarditis patients have negative blood cultures?
What is a common feature of endocarditis in patients over 65?
What is a common feature of endocarditis in patients over 65?
What is the most common organism involved in the pathogenesis of endocarditis?
What is the most common organism involved in the pathogenesis of endocarditis?
What is a characteristic clinical feature of late-stage endocarditis?
What is a characteristic clinical feature of late-stage endocarditis?
What is the purpose of blood culture assessment in endocarditis?
What is the purpose of blood culture assessment in endocarditis?
What is a complication of endocarditis that can lead to stroke?
What is a complication of endocarditis that can lead to stroke?
What is the purpose of echocardiogram in endocarditis?
What is the purpose of echocardiogram in endocarditis?
What is the typical duration of antibiotic therapy for endocarditis?
What is the typical duration of antibiotic therapy for endocarditis?
What is a condition that may require surgical intervention in endocarditis?
What is a condition that may require surgical intervention in endocarditis?
What is a medically compromised patient?
What is a medically compromised patient?
What is the primary purpose of taking a thorough medical history?
What is the primary purpose of taking a thorough medical history?
What is a risk factor for infective endocarditis?
What is a risk factor for infective endocarditis?
What is the preferred anaesthetic for patients with a compromised cardiovascular system?
What is the preferred anaesthetic for patients with a compromised cardiovascular system?
What is a possible consequence of compromising cardiovascular system?
What is a possible consequence of compromising cardiovascular system?
What is no longer routinely recommended for patients with infective endocarditis?
What is no longer routinely recommended for patients with infective endocarditis?
What is the primary treatment for hypertension?
What is the primary treatment for hypertension?
What is a potential problem with patients who have respiratory disease?
What is a potential problem with patients who have respiratory disease?
What dose of corticosteroid should a patient take if they are having surgery, and have been taking corticosteroids for over 3 weeks at more than 30mg a day?
What dose of corticosteroid should a patient take if they are having surgery, and have been taking corticosteroids for over 3 weeks at more than 30mg a day?
What must be considered when scheduling appointments for patients with diabetes?
What must be considered when scheduling appointments for patients with diabetes?
What is a common dental side effect of corticosteroids?
What is a common dental side effect of corticosteroids?
What is a potential dental problem for patients with epilepsy?
What is a potential dental problem for patients with epilepsy?
What is one of the functions of the liver?
What is one of the functions of the liver?
What should be avoided in patients taking corticosteroids and why?
What should be avoided in patients taking corticosteroids and why?
What is the most commonly used long-term anticoagulant?
What is the most commonly used long-term anticoagulant?
What is a potential consequence of alcohol dependence?
What is a potential consequence of alcohol dependence?
What must be avoided in patients with liver disease?
What must be avoided in patients with liver disease?
What does the INR measure?
What does the INR measure?
What is the purpose of corticosteroids?
What is the purpose of corticosteroids?
What should the INR levels be if a patient is taking warfarin to treat DVT or PE?
What should the INR levels be if a patient is taking warfarin to treat DVT or PE?
What is a potential side effect of using corticosteroids?
What is a potential side effect of using corticosteroids?
When should a dental appointment be booked for a patient with a bleeding risk?
When should a dental appointment be booked for a patient with a bleeding risk?
What is the purpose of taking a history of a patient with a bleeding risk?
What is the purpose of taking a history of a patient with a bleeding risk?
What must be considered when taking patients with corticosteroids off the medication?
What must be considered when taking patients with corticosteroids off the medication?
What should be avoided in patients with a bleeding risk?
What should be avoided in patients with a bleeding risk?
What can the use of antibiotics do to the potency of warfarin?
What can the use of antibiotics do to the potency of warfarin?
What is the term for a state where the immune system is below the optimum level?
What is the term for a state where the immune system is below the optimum level?
What is the process of artificially depressing the immune system?
What is the process of artificially depressing the immune system?
Which of the following is a feature of innate immunity?
Which of the following is a feature of innate immunity?
What is the term for individuals who are at risk due to reduced immune function?
What is the term for individuals who are at risk due to reduced immune function?
What is the first step of innate immunity?
What is the first step of innate immunity?
Which of the following is an example of an acquired immunodeficiency?
Which of the following is an example of an acquired immunodeficiency?
What is the primary difference between intrinsic and acquired resistance?
What is the primary difference between intrinsic and acquired resistance?
What is the primary way that microbes can acquire resistance through horizontal evolution?
What is the primary way that microbes can acquire resistance through horizontal evolution?
What is the primary function of transposons in acquired resistance?
What is the primary function of transposons in acquired resistance?
What is the primary way that microbes can acquire resistance through vertical evolution?
What is the primary way that microbes can acquire resistance through vertical evolution?
What is the primary characteristic of intrinsic resistance?
What is the primary characteristic of intrinsic resistance?
What is the primary way that genes can duplicate to cause resistance in a strain?
What is the primary way that genes can duplicate to cause resistance in a strain?
What is the purpose of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test?
What is the purpose of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test?
Which of the following mechanisms of resistance involves the breakdown of antibiotics by enzymes?
Which of the following mechanisms of resistance involves the breakdown of antibiotics by enzymes?
What is the primary means of genetic exchange in conjugation?
What is the primary means of genetic exchange in conjugation?
Which of the following bacteria can genetically exchange their antimicrobial resistant genes?
Which of the following bacteria can genetically exchange their antimicrobial resistant genes?
What is the term for the process by which bacteria take up short fragments of naked DNA?
What is the term for the process by which bacteria take up short fragments of naked DNA?
What is the primary difference between the MIC tests in liquid media and solid media?
What is the primary difference between the MIC tests in liquid media and solid media?
What is the mechanism of resistance by which microbes prevent antibiotics from entering the cell?
What is the mechanism of resistance by which microbes prevent antibiotics from entering the cell?
Which of the following is an example of a beta-lactamase?
Which of the following is an example of a beta-lactamase?
What is the primary difference between beta-lactamases in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria?
What is the primary difference between beta-lactamases in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria?
How do beta-lactam antibiotics combat beta-lactamases?
How do beta-lactam antibiotics combat beta-lactamases?
What is an example of a drug that can be a victim to enhanced target production?
What is an example of a drug that can be a victim to enhanced target production?
What is the function of efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance?
What is the function of efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance?
What is the resistome?
What is the resistome?
What is an advantage of using bacteriophages as antibiotics?
What is an advantage of using bacteriophages as antibiotics?
What is the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages?
What is the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages?
What is a limitation of using bacteriophages as antibiotics?
What is a limitation of using bacteriophages as antibiotics?
What is an example of an antifungal drug that can be affected by drug resistance mechanisms?
What is an example of an antifungal drug that can be affected by drug resistance mechanisms?
What is a mechanism of drug resistance in fungi?
What is a mechanism of drug resistance in fungi?
What is a way to combat drug resistance?
What is a way to combat drug resistance?
What is the mechanism by which clavulanic acid inhibits beta-lactamases?
What is the mechanism by which clavulanic acid inhibits beta-lactamases?
What is the lytic cycle of bacteriophages?
What is the lytic cycle of bacteriophages?
How do glycopeptides inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis?
How do glycopeptides inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis?
What is the mechanism of resistance to glycopeptides in some bacteria?
What is the mechanism of resistance to glycopeptides in some bacteria?
How do aminoglycosides work against bacterial infections?
How do aminoglycosides work against bacterial infections?
What is the mechanism of trimethoprim resistance in bacteria?
What is the mechanism of trimethoprim resistance in bacteria?
What is drug target bypass in the context of antibiotic resistance?
What is drug target bypass in the context of antibiotic resistance?
How do quinolones work against bacterial infections?
How do quinolones work against bacterial infections?
What is the mechanism of quinolone resistance in bacteria?
What is the mechanism of quinolone resistance in bacteria?
How do chloramphenicol acetyl transferases contribute to antibiotic resistance?
How do chloramphenicol acetyl transferases contribute to antibiotic resistance?
What is the mechanism of enhanced target production in antibiotic resistance?
What is the mechanism of enhanced target production in antibiotic resistance?
What is the primary cause of anaemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia in leukaemia?
What is the primary cause of anaemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia in leukaemia?
What is the recommended oral care advice following radiotherapy?
What is the recommended oral care advice following radiotherapy?
What are the two main cell lines that leukaemias take?
What are the two main cell lines that leukaemias take?
What is the type of HSCT that uses cells from another human that match?
What is the type of HSCT that uses cells from another human that match?
What is the classification of leukaemia based on the maturity of cells?
What is the classification of leukaemia based on the maturity of cells?
What is the purpose of analysing blood film and bone marrow in the diagnosis of leukaemia?
What is the purpose of analysing blood film and bone marrow in the diagnosis of leukaemia?
What is a complication of Allogenic HSCT?
What is a complication of Allogenic HSCT?
What is a clinical feature of GvHD?
What is a clinical feature of GvHD?
What is a known risk factor for developing leukaemia?
What is a known risk factor for developing leukaemia?
What is the effect of leukaemic cells on the immune system?
What is the effect of leukaemic cells on the immune system?
How is xerostomia managed in patients with GvHD?
How is xerostomia managed in patients with GvHD?
What is the prognosis for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma relative to?
What is the prognosis for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma relative to?
What percentage of patients with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma experience complete remission?
What percentage of patients with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma experience complete remission?
What is the typical age range for the peak incidence of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
What is the typical age range for the peak incidence of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
What is the aetiology of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
What is the aetiology of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
What is the primary cause of tissue infiltration in leukaemia?
What is the primary cause of tissue infiltration in leukaemia?
What is the primary treatment approach for low-grade Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
What is the primary treatment approach for low-grade Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
What is the characteristic of multiple myeloma that leads to bone destruction?
What is the characteristic of multiple myeloma that leads to bone destruction?
What is the most common leukaemia in adults?
What is the most common leukaemia in adults?
What is the peak incidence age for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)?
What is the peak incidence age for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)?
What is the typical asymptomatic phase of multiple myeloma known as?
What is the typical asymptomatic phase of multiple myeloma known as?
What is the primary investigation used to diagnose multiple myeloma?
What is the primary investigation used to diagnose multiple myeloma?
What is the treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)?
What is the treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)?
What is the characteristic of the Philadelphia chromosome in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)?
What is the characteristic of the Philadelphia chromosome in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)?
What is the primary oral complication of multiple myeloma?
What is the primary oral complication of multiple myeloma?
What is the primary management approach for intraoral lymphomas?
What is the primary management approach for intraoral lymphomas?
What is the primary dental symptom of leukaemia?
What is the primary dental symptom of leukaemia?
What is the peak incidence age for Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (CLL)?
What is the peak incidence age for Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (CLL)?
What is the primary treatment for Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (CLL)?
What is the primary treatment for Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (CLL)?
What is the median age for the onset of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)?
What is the median age for the onset of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)?
What is the primary clinical feature of Hodgkin's disease?
What is the primary clinical feature of Hodgkin's disease?
