Anatomy and Function of Thyroid Cells
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic that distinguishes the thyroid gland from other endocrine glands?

  • It stores its secretion intra-cellularly as secretory granules.
  • It produces only one type of hormone.
  • It stores a large quantity of its secretion extracellularly as colloid. (correct)
  • It is the only endocrine gland that is bi-lobed.

    • What is the function of the parafollicular cells (C-cells) in the thyroid gland?

  • They produce thyroid hormones. (correct)
  • They regulate the activity of follicular cells.
  • They produce parathyroid hormones.
  • Their function is still unknown.

    • What is the shape of the thyroid follicle?

  • Spherical (correct)
  • Flat
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar

    • What happens to the shape of follicular cells when they are highly active?

    <p>They become columnar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the material that fills the cavity of the thyroid follicle?

    <p>Colloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thyrocalcitonin secreted by parafollicular cells?

    <p>Lowering blood calcium levels by suppressing release of calcium ions from bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the component of the stroma of the thyroid gland that provides support to the thyroid follicles?

    <p>Trabeculae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of triodothyronine (T3) on the rate of metabolism?

    <p>It increases the rate of metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pituitary gland in regulating thyroid hormone secretion?

    <p>It produces TSH, which affects the activity of follicular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of parathyroid hormone secreted by chief cells?

    <p>Increasing serum calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of oxyphil cells in the parathyroid gland?

    <p>They are larger than chief cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between T3 and T4 in terms of activity?

    <p>T3 is more active than T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cells in the zona reticularis?

    <p>They are smaller and more acidophilic than other two layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chromaffin cells in the suprarenal medulla?

    <p>To secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the mitochondria in steroid-secreting cells?

    <p>They have tubular cristae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the suprarenal cortex and medulla?

    <p>The cortex is embryologically and functionally different from the medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lipid droplets in steroid-secreting cells?

    <p>They are small and abundant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of the zona reticularis?

    <p>It is composed of cords that branch and anastomose with each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

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