18 Questions
What is the characteristic that distinguishes the thyroid gland from other endocrine glands?
It stores a large quantity of its secretion extracellularly as colloid.
What is the function of the parafollicular cells (C-cells) in the thyroid gland?
They produce thyroid hormones.
What is the shape of the thyroid follicle?
Spherical
What happens to the shape of follicular cells when they are highly active?
They become columnar.
What is the material that fills the cavity of the thyroid follicle?
Colloid
What is the primary function of thyrocalcitonin secreted by parafollicular cells?
Lowering blood calcium levels by suppressing release of calcium ions from bone
What is the component of the stroma of the thyroid gland that provides support to the thyroid follicles?
Trabeculae
What is the effect of triodothyronine (T3) on the rate of metabolism?
It increases the rate of metabolism
What is the role of the pituitary gland in regulating thyroid hormone secretion?
It produces TSH, which affects the activity of follicular cells
What is the function of parathyroid hormone secreted by chief cells?
Increasing serum calcium levels
What is the primary characteristic of oxyphil cells in the parathyroid gland?
They are larger than chief cells
What is the relationship between T3 and T4 in terms of activity?
T3 is more active than T4
What is the characteristic of the cells in the zona reticularis?
They are smaller and more acidophilic than other two layers
What is the primary function of chromaffin cells in the suprarenal medulla?
To secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline
What is the characteristic of the mitochondria in steroid-secreting cells?
They have tubular cristae
What is the main difference between the suprarenal cortex and medulla?
The cortex is embryologically and functionally different from the medulla
What is the characteristic of the lipid droplets in steroid-secreting cells?
They are small and abundant
What is the primary feature of the zona reticularis?
It is composed of cords that branch and anastomose with each other
Learn about the structure and function of thyroid cells, including follicular cells and parafollicular cells. Understand the role of these cells in secreting triodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4), and how they are affected by the pituitary gland. Test your knowledge of these important cells in the human body!
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