Anatomy and Contrast Media Chapter 23
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of using contrast media?

Enhance the low subject contrast of anatomic structures

Contrast agents can be generally classified as:

  • Positive
  • Both A and B (correct)
  • Neutral
  • Negative

    • What is the lowest subject contrast between water and fat?

    Water and fat

    What characteristic do negative contrast agents possess?

    <p>Have low atomic numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about positive contrast agents is correct?

    <p>All of the above are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An air-contrast colon study would be an example of:

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common contrast agent used for MRI examinations?

    <p>Gadolinium-DTPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For select examinations, what are air and radiopaque contrast used together known as?

    <p>Double-contrast studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about barium sulfate as a contrast agent is FALSE?

    <p>It is safe for all patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Barium sulfate would be contraindicated for a patient who:

    <p>When mixed with water it dissolves completely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stomach examinations using barium sulfate have risks for patients who are:

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What generally causes most adverse reactions to ionic, iodinated contrast agents?

    <p>Their osmolality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An undesirable characteristic of ionic contrast agents is their:

    <p>Dissociation into a cation and an anion when dissolved in plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do nonionic iodine contrast agents differ from ionic agents?

    <p>They do not break down into a cation and an anion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The perfect iodinated contrast agent would have which characteristics?

    <p>2, 3, 4, and 5 only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the osmotic effects of ionic contrast agents a result of?

    <p>Movement of water from the body's cells into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After the injection of an ionic iodinated contrast agent, if a patient develops urticaria, what should you do?

    <p>Do both B and C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory tests are used to assess a patient's renal function?

    <p>BUN and creatinine tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with compromised renal function include:

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Despite being safer, nonionic low-osmolality contrast agents still pose a risk to what?

    <p>Renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be taken by the imaging professional when using any type of contrast agent?

    <p>A thorough medical history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a radiopharmaceutical?

    <p>A radiopharmaceutical is a radioactive compound used for diagnostic imaging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Contrast Media Overview

    • Contrast materials enhance the visibility of anatomical structures by improving low subject contrast.
    • Contrast agents are classified into positive and negative types.

    Radiographic Densities

    • Radiographic images result from varying absorption of x-ray photons based on tissue density and thickness.
    • The five radiographic densities are air or gas, water, fat, mineral, and metal.
    • The lowest subject contrast exists between water and fat.

    Negative and Positive Contrast Agents

    • Negative contrast agents possess low atomic numbers.
    • Positive contrast agents have high atomic numbers, appear white on radiographs, and significantly absorb x-ray energy.

    Air-Contrast Studies

    • An air-contrast colon study exemplifies a high-contrast exam utilizing both negative and positive contrast agents, such as barium sulfate and air.

    Common Contrast Agents

    • Gadolinium-DTPA is widely used for MRI examinations.
    • Double-contrast studies utilize both air (negative contrast) and radiopaque contrast to outline mucosal linings and interspaces.

    Barium Sulfate Characteristics

    • Barium sulfate does not dissolve completely when mixed with water, contradicting a common misconception.
    • It is contraindicated for patients who cannot tolerate its properties.

    Patient Risks with Barium Sulfate

    • Stomach exams using barium sulfate pose risks for patients who are sedated, mentally handicapped, or hypovolemic.

    Adverse Reactions to Ionic Agents

    • Most adverse reactions to ionic iodinated contrast agents arise from their osmolality, causing fluid shifts in the body.
    • Ionic agents dissociate into cations and anions in plasma.

    Nonionic Contrast Agents

    • Nonionic iodine contrast agents do not dissociate and generally present a lower risk profile compared to ionic agents.
    • The ideal iodinated contrast agent has low osmolality, nonionic structure, high water solubility, and contains multiple iodine atoms.

    Osmotic Effects

    • The effects of ionic contrast agents can increase blood volume and pressure due to water moving from cells into the bloodstream.

    Patient Monitoring After Contrast Injection

    • Patients exhibiting warm sensations and itching after receiving ionic iodinated contrast should be closely monitored for severe reactions, including anaphylaxis.

    Renal Function Assessment

    • BUN and creatinine tests assess renal function, crucial for patients receiving high osmolality contrast media.

    Vulnerable Patient Populations

    • Patients with compromised renal function include diabetics, the elderly, and renal dialysis patients, making them particularly at risk from high osmolality contrast agents.

    Safety of Nonionic Contrast Agents

    • Despite being a safer choice, nonionic low-osmolality contrast agents can still pose risks to renal function.

    Importance of Medical History

    • A comprehensive medical history assessment is essential before using any contrast agent for radiographic examinations.

    Radiopharmaceuticals

    • Radiopharmaceuticals are agents used in nuclear medicine for imaging and treatment, containing radioactive material.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the use of contrast media in visualizing human anatomy with these flashcards. This quiz covers key terminology and classifications related to contrast agents in radiography. Enhance your understanding of how these agents impact image quality.

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