Anatomie van de nier

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the renal system?

  • Urethra
  • Bladder
  • Adrenal glands (correct)
  • Ureters

Where are the kidneys located in the human body?

  • Retroperitoneally (correct)
  • Infraperitoneally
  • Intraperitoneally
  • Anteroperitoneally

Which structure is the primary exit point for the renal vein, lymphatic vessels, and ureter from the kidney?

  • Medulla
  • Hilus (correct)
  • Cortex
  • Renal pelvis

What two main regions can be distinguished within the kidney?

<p>Medulla and cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow through the kidney?

<p>Renal artery → afferent arterioles → glomerulus → efferent arterioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximate what percentage of the cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

<p>20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate weight range of a kidney?

<p>115-170 grams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is found within the renal sinus?

<p>Renal pelvis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood do efferent arterioles contain?

<p>Oxygenated blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the area of lighter color that surrounds the medulla?

<p>Cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The renal artery branches multiple times after entering the kidney, eventually leading to which type of arteries?

<p>Afferent arterioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would the arteriole be called if the glomerulus capillaries were to come together in any other organ?

<p>Venules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

About how much blood flows through the kidneys per minute?

<p>1 L/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hilus contains the location in which the renal artery and nerves enter the kidney. What else leaves the kidney at this location?

<p>Renal vein, lymphatic vessels adn ureter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pyramids does the medulla consist of?

<p>8 to 18 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Renal System

The renal system consists of two kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, a bladder, and a urethra.

Kidney Location

The kidneys lie behind the peritoneum in the abdominal cavity, near the first lumbar vertebra.

Renal Hilus

The depression in the kidney where blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter or exit.

Renal Cortex

Outer region of the kidney that contains the renal corpuscles.

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Renal Medulla

Inner region of the kidney that contains the renal pyramids.

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Renal Pelvis

Funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the kidney and funnels into the ureter.

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Interlobular Arteries

Arteries branching from the renal artery that supply blood to the kidney.

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Afferent Arterioles

Small arteries that carry blood to the glomeruli.

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Efferent Arterioles

Small arteries that carry blood away from the glomeruli.

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Study Notes

  • De nieren maken deel uit van het renale systeem, dat bestaat uit twee nieren, bijnieren, ureteren, een blaas en een urethra.
  • De lage urinewegen beginnen bij de blaas en hebben de urethra als uitgang.
  • De nieren liggen retroperitoneaal ter hoogte van de eerste lumbale wervel.
  • Een nier weegt tussen de 115 en 170 gram en beslaat ongeveer een half procent van het totale lichaamsgewicht.
  • De rechternier ligt iets meer naar caudaal dan de linker nier vanwege de grootte van de lever.
  • Elke nier is omringd door een fibreus kapsel en bevat onderdelen zoals de hilus, medulla, cortex en het nierbekken.
  • De hilus is de plek waar de nierarterie en -zenuwen de nier binnenkomen, en de niervene, lymfevaten en ureter de nier verlaten.
  • De medulla bestaat uit acht tot achttien piramiden.
  • De cortex is het lichter gekleurde gebied om de medulla heen.
  • Het nierbekken (pelvis renalis) staat in verbinding met de ureter.
  • De hilus opent in de sinus renalis, die het nierbekken en de calices majores en minores (nierkelken) bevat.
  • Door de sinus lopen ook zenuwen en bloedvaten.

Vasculaire systeem

  • De nieren ontvangen ongeveer 20% van de cardiac output, wat neerkomt op 1 L/min aan bloed.
  • Deze hoge doorbloeding maakt ultrafiltratie in de glomeruli mogelijk.
  • De a. renalis vertakt zich in intralobulaire arteriën.
  • Intralobulaire arteriën komen de cortex binnen en vormen afferente arteriolen (vas afferens).
  • Afferente arteriolen komen uit in de glomerulaire capillairen, die weer samenkomen tot efferente arteriolen (vas efferens).
  • Efferente arteriolen zijn zuurstofrijk en leveren zuurstof en voedingsstoffen aan de nefronen in het oppervlakkige deel van de cortex.

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