ANTB14 - MIDTERM REVIEW

<p>Flat nails on at least one digit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced stereoscopic vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To investigate human evolutionary relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Random mutation is the only source of genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothetical common ancestors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cladistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By cutting the tree at specific nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relative amount of evolutionary change over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shared ancestral characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance matrix method</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actual species or taxa being studied</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By focusing on shared derived characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Typological species concept classifies organisms based on physical similarities, while biological species concept defines species based on their potential to interbreed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macroevolution is large-scale changes over time resulting in new species (speciation), whereas microevolution is a change over generations in the frequency of one or more alleles in the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directional selection, where environmental changes favor traits such as deeper beaks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cladistics relies on shared derived traits to infer evolutionary relationships among organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The environment constantly changes, resulting in ongoing selection pressures on populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective pressures can lead to the development of behavioral traits that confer survival advantages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phylogenetic trees display the evolutionary history based on shared characteristics among species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans exhibit few instinctual behaviors, as their behavior is mainly influenced by their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The evolution of human behaviors and cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paleoanthropology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They conduct descriptive, casual, and applied research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carl Linnaeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lamarck</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Georges Cuvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory that Earth's features are largely formed by sudden and violent events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Charles Lyell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that geological processes occurring today are the same as those that occurred in the past.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Charles Darwin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>the ability of a population to expand is infinite, but the environment's ability to sustain that population is finite.</li> <li>organisms within the population vary, and this variation affects the ability of individuals to survive and reproduce.</li> <li>This variation is transmitted from parent to offspring.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in allele frequencies within a population over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiation exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>somatic cell mutation and germ cell mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of genetic variation within populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key concepts include gene pool, allele frequencies, Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium, mutation, genetic drift, natural selection, and gene flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allele frequencies = The proportion of different versions (alleles) of a gene in a population. These frequencies change due to evolutionary forces. Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium = A theoretical state in which allele and genotype frequencies remain constant in a population over generations in the absence of evolutionary influences. Gene pool = The collection of all genetic material in a population, including all alleles (variations of a gene) Gene Flow = The transfer of alleles from one population to another through migration, influencing the genetic diversity within a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>reduces between-population genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reproductive success and average contribution of alleles to succeeding generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directional selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>Directional Selection = This process favours either higher or lower values of character. Increases variation betewen populations exposed to different environments. Stabilizing Selection = Average phenotypes is fittest. Reduces variation within populations. Disruptive Selection = Both extremes of trait are favoured.</h1> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biological species concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>Typological species concept = classifies organisms based on similarities in appearence Biological species concept = defines species as actually or potentially interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated from other groups. Phylogenetic species concept = the smallest diagnosable group of organisms eith unique character states, which can be applied to both living and fossil species</h1> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vicariant speciaion and peripatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>Vicariant speciation = large populations are split by physical barriers peripatric speciation = small, isolated population diverge from the main population.</h1> <p>=</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural selection, gene flow, random mutation, genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>Evolutionary radiations = rapid diversification of a lineage into multiple forms, often in response to new environments or niches phyletic gradualism = evolution occurs at a constant rate, with new species arising gradually from ancestral species punctuated equilibrium = species remain in morphologically stable for long periods, with rapid speciaiton events occurring in between</h1> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opposable big toe or thumb</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It protects their eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is less developed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced cognitive abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Petrosally formed auditory bulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High parental investment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primates smaller than 500g tend to eat insects and gums while those larger than 500g eat fruits and leaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tropical rainforests</p> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>Daily path length = distance travelled in a day home range = the area regularly used by a primate group territory = exclusiver area defended by a primate group</h1> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased protection from predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased competition for food and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strepsirrhines have a dental comb, moist noses, and are mostly nocturnal, while Haplorhines have dry noses, better visual acquity (due to retinal fovea), and closed orbits (post-orbital bar closure).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>prehensile tails (some), arboreal lifestyle, parietal bone meets the zygomatic bone, broad nostrils, and their tympanic ring is fused to their auditory bulla.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>they have narrow, downward-facing nostrils, non-prehensile tails, tympanic tube, dental formula = 2.1.2.3, and their parietal bone does not meet their zygomatic bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An anatomical reference plane used in anthropology and dental practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The highest point of the ear and the lowest point of the eye socket</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior = Above or closer to the head relative to another part of the body Inferior = Below or toward the lower part of the body relative to another body part. Proximal = A position closer to the point of attachment (usually the center of the body/trunk) Distal = A point that is farther away from the point of attachment or origin of a structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>Anterior = Refers to something that is towards the front of the body Ventral = a term often use interchangeably with anterior in humans, but particularly used to describe quadrupedal animals. It refers to the belly side of the body. posterior = refers to the back or rear side of the body</h1> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medial = Refers to a position towards the midline of the body Lateral = Refers to a position away from the midline of the body External = Refers to structures that are located on the outer side or surface of the body Internal = Refers to positions or locations within the body, particularly in relation to other structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it represents the actual species or taxa being studied</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calculating the genetic distance between pairs of species and use these distances to build a tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A trait shared by a group of organisms, inherited from a common ancestor. Also known as ancestral or primitive traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refers to a type of character state in evolutionary biology that is a derived trait shared by two or more groups (clades) that have a more recent common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nocturnal behavior and grooming claws</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fused frontal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolution produces patterns of relationships among organisms that are like a tree and not like a ladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Species evolve gradually over time with small, incremental changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pattern of long periods of stability interrupted by short periods of significant change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A concept that categorizes similar-looking individuals that can successfully produce fertile offspring lumped into discrete species category.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduces within-population genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers