Anatomical Terminology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to the area farthest from the central mass of a body?

  • Central
  • Proximal
  • Distal (correct)
  • Peripheral

The term 'superior' refers to a location that is below another part of the body.

False (B)

What is the shortest axis that spans from the head to the tail called?

Longitudinal or Anteroposterior

The area nearest to the surface is referred to as _____

<p>Superficial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anatomical terms with their descriptions:

<p>Superior = Above Inferior = Below Anterior = In front Posterior = Behind</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a sagittal plane?

<p>A plane that passes through the body and splits it into left and right parts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The median plane divides the body into equal left and right parts.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to refer to the side of the body facing the back?

<p>Dorsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ plane is perpendicular to both the sagittal and frontal planes.

<p>transverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their correct definitions:

<p>Dorsal = Side facing the back Ventral = Side facing the belly Lateral = The left and right sides Anterior = The side nearest to the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the frontal plane?

<p>To divide the body into dorsal and ventral parts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In bipeds, the transverse plane cuts vertically.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite of the caudal end in anatomical terms?

<p>Cranial</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'caudad' refer to?

<p>In the direction of the tail (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cephalization refers to the decentralization of sense organs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the structural similarity between different species due to a common ancestor?

<p>Homologous structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

The types of symmetry present throughout the animal kingdom include spherical, radial, biradial, and __________.

<p>bilateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Cephalization = Localization of sense organs to the head Radial symmetry = Symmetry around a central axis Homologous structures = Structures with a common evolutionary origin Bilateral symmetry = Body plan that can be divided into two equal halves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bilaterally symmetrical animals have a median sagittal plane that serves as their plane of symmetry.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List one example of a consequence of body modification.

<p>Enlargement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is located ventrally in the hypobranchial groove?

<p>Endostyle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tail of the organism is flattened and slimy.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is the epidermis made of?

<p>simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ is a large bowl-shaped depression located ventrally.

<p>buccal funnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts to their functions in the mentioned structure:

<p>Buccal funnel = Leads to the mouth Pituitary pouch = Counterpart of the anterior lobe of the pituitary body Gill slits = Perforated by 7 oval openings Neural canal = Contains the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the gill slits is true?

<p>They are continuous with the external and internal gill slits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The eyes of the organism have eyelids.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the olfactory sac located?

<p>anterior to the tip of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ of the organism has many bumps and is supportive in structure.

<p>metapleural folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the appearance of mature male and female myotomes?

<p>Males appear as homogenous blobs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The liver is found on the left of the pharynx.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the primary skeletal structure in the organism.

<p>notochord</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ is the structure situated dorsal to the anterior notochord.

<p>brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the anatomical features to their descriptions:

<p>Gonads = Dark masses ventrolateral to the pharynx Neural tube = Has photoreceptive black pigmented spots Caudal fin = Continuous with the posterior dorsal fin Gill lamellae = Found on the walls of the gill pouches</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the nictitating membrane serve?

<p>Acts as a protection for the eye (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The head of the dogfish is described as rectangular in shape.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pointed extremity found at the anterior tip of the dogfish called?

<p>rostrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chamber that receives contents from both the digestive and urogenital systems is called the ______.

<p>cloaca</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fin is located on the ventral side of the tail in smooth dogfish?

<p>Ventral fin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The paired lateral fins are located equidistant from the median lines of the animal.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the two types of fins found in dogfish.

<p>paired/lateral fins and unpaired/medial fins</p> Signup and view all the answers

The whitish line that extends longitudinally across the sides of the dogfish's body is known as the ______.

<p>lateral line</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connects the ears to the external environment?

<p>Endolymphatic ducts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The dogfish has a dorsal fin without any spines.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spiracle in dogfish?

<p>to serve as an entrance for water into the respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subclasses does Chondrichthyes include?

<p>Elasmobranchii (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skates belong to the order Rajiformes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is present in Chondrichthyes but not in Osteichthyes?

<p>Presence of claspers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nostrils of Chondrichthyes are dorsal and lack a fringed flap.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the gill slits of Chondrichthyes located on?

<p>The ventral surface due to fusion with lateral fins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Chondrichthyes, the eyes are located ______.

<p>dorsally</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following features with the respective groups:

<p>Chondrichthyes = Has claspers Osteichthyes = Operculum covers gills Both = Paired fins Neither = Swim bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary shape of the body in Osteichthyes?

<p>Fusiform-shaped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mouth of Chondrichthyes is typically larger in females than in males.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure covers the gill openings in Osteichthyes?

<p>Operculum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gill rakers in Osteichthyes have a _______ shape.

<p>toothlike</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the fish classification with its characteristics:

<p>Chondrichthyes = Smooth skin with small scales Osteichthyes = Body covered in overlapping scales Holocephalii = Includes Ratfish Actinopterygii = Includes Milkfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature characterizes the caudal fin in Osteichthyes?

<p>Homocercal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The oronasal groove in Chondrichthyes leads from the mouth to the internal nasal cavity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the feature of lateral line in both groups of fish.

<p>A sensory organ present throughout the sides of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chondrichthyes are primarily known for their __________ body structure.

<p>dorsoventrally flattened</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the scientific classification with their common names:

<p>Chanos chanos = Milkfish Lepisosteus = Gar pike Chondrichthyes = Ratfish Osteichthyes = Bony fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dorsal

The side facing the back of an animal.

Ventral

The side facing the belly of an animal.

Lateral

The left and right sides of an animal.

Anterior

The side nearest to the head of an animal. Also called Cephalic or Cranial.

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Posterior

The side nearest to the tail of an animal.

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Median

The middle part of an animal.

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Sagittal Plane

A plane that passes through an animal and splits it into left and right parts.

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Median Plane

A type of sagittal plane that splits an animal into equal left and right parts.

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Longitudinal Plane

An imaginary plane that cuts through an animal's body from the head to the tail. It is the shortest axis.

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Transverse Plane

An imaginary plane that cuts through an animal's body from one side to the other. It is the shortest axis.

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Cephalic

Relating to the front or head end of an animal. In humans, it is the anterior side.

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Caudal

Relating to the tail or hind end of an animal. In humans, it is the posterior side.

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Cephalization

The concentration of sense organs at the anterior (head) end of an animal's body.

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Homologous Structures

Structures in different animals that share a common origin from a shared ancestor.

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Analogous Structures

Structures in different animals that have a similar function but different evolutionary origins.

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Rostrum

A pointed tip located at the front of a dogfish's head.

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Spiracle

The opening where a dogfish takes in water for its respiratory system.

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Unpaired/Medial Fins

Fins that are located on the midline of a dogfish, like the dorsal and ventral fins.

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Paired/Lateral Fins

Two sets of fins found equidistant from the center line of a dogfish.

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Cloaca

A chamber that receives waste from both the digestive and urogenital systems.

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Clasper

A stout, backward-pointing structure found in male dogfish, used for mating.

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Lateral Line

A whitish line running along the sides of a dogfish that detects vibrations in the water.

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Nictitating Membrane

A semi-transparent membrane covering a dogfish's eye, acting like a 'third eyelid'.

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Skate Skin

The tough, scaled skin covering a skate.

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Heterocercal Tail Fin

A type of caudal (tail) fin found in dogfish, where the upper lobe is larger than the lower lobe.

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Basal Plate

The outer layer of a skate's scale.

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Spine

A pointed structure found on a skate's scale.

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Dorsoventrally Shortened

The part of a skate's body that is flattened from top to bottom.

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Transversally Elongated

The part of a skate's body that is elongated from side to side.

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Greatly Flattened Anterior

The part of a skate's body that is greatly flattened in the anterior (front) region.

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Liver

A hollow, oval structure located to the right of the pharynx, not visible in the image provided.

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Hypobranchial groove

A groove located on the ventral side of the lamprey, where the endostyle is found.

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Endostyle

A hollow structure located on the ventralmost part of the hypobranchial groove.

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Gonads

The paired, dark masses located ventrolateral to the pharynx, projecting into the atrium and differing in appearance based on sex.

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Urogenital aperture

The external opening where the contents of the kidneys and gonads are discharged.

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Anal opening pit

A structure located at the junction of the trunk and tail, receiving the digestive tract.

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Velum

A membranous fold found at the boundary between the buccal cavity and the pharynx.

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Buccal cavity

The passageway of the digestive tract, sloped ventrally, branching into the esophagus and the pharynx.

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Muscular tongue extensions

The muscular extensions of the tongue which allow for rasping prey.

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Pericardial cavity

A conical cavity located posterior to the 7th gill pouch, containing the heart.

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Internal gill slits

The oval openings found in the pharynx, part of the digestive tract in embryos but ending nowhere in adults.

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Gill lamellae

The folds found on the walls of the gill pouches.

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Spinal cord

The slender cord within the neural canal, located dorsal to the notochord.

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Brain

An enlarged lobed structure situated dorsal to the anterior notochord.

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Notochord

A broad, brown rod located dorsally from the esophagus, serving as the chief axial skeleton.

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Chimaeras/Ratfish

Cartilaginous fish belonging to the subclass Holocephalii, characterized by a unique head structure, fused pectoral fins, and a whip-like tail.

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Operculum

A cartilaginous plate that covers the gills in chimaeras.

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Lateral Line System

A sensory system that detects vibrations and pressure changes in the water, allowing chimaeras to navigate and find prey.

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Continuous Pectoral Fins

A fused cartilage that joins the pectoral fins to the head in chimaeras, giving them a flattened appearance.

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Oronasal Groove

A groove on the ventral surface of the chimaera's head that connects the nasal cavity to the mouth.

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Milkfish/Bangus (Chanos chanos)

A bony fish with an elongated, laterally compressed, fusiform-shaped body.

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Operculum/Gill Flap

A flap that covers the posterior region of the milkfish's head, protecting the gills.

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Branchiostegal Membrane

A membrane attached to the ventral surface of the operculum, supported by rays. It helps to close the gill opening.

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Gill Rakers

Structures on the inside of the gill arches that help to filter food particles from the water.

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Homocercal Tail Fin

A type of caudal fin where the upper and lower lobes are symmetrical, commonly found in bony fish.

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Erectile Fin

A fin that is capable of extending, usually found in the first dorsal fin of milkfish.

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Non-erectile Fin

A fin that cannot extend, usually found in the second dorsal fin of milkfish.

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Study Notes

LBYBIO 3-LE1 Study Notes

  • Course section, schedule, and teacher details are listed.
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  • An overview with topics and subtopics is presented.
  • Headings and subheadings organize the content.
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Test your knowledge of anatomical terms and their meanings in this engaging quiz. Understand different orientations and areas of the human body, from superior to inferior and more. Match terms with their correct descriptions to see how well you grasp the subject.

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