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Questions and Answers
What is the relatively fixed end of a muscle during natural movements called?
Which term refers to the fleshy part of the muscle that is contractile in function?
What is fascia?
A band or sheet of connective tissue that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and internal organs.
What are the three classifications of fascia?
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The ______ fascia is the lowermost layer of the skin.
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Deep fascia was originally considered to be avascular.
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What is the innermost layer of fascia that covers organs called?
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Match the types of connective tissues with their characteristics:
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What are the two types of bony connective tissue?
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Study Notes
Anatomical Positions
- Prone: Lying face down
- Supine: Lying face up
- Lithotomy: Lying on the back with legs at a 90-degree angle
Anatomical Planes and Lines
- Vertical Plane (Median or Mid-Sagittal plane): Divides the body into equal right and left halves.
- Anterior and Posterior Lines: Imaginary lines running vertically along the front and back of the body.
- Sagittal Plane: Any plane parallel to the median plane.
- Coronal Plane: Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
- Transverse Plane: Divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
Anatomical Terms for Describing Planes and Relations
- Proximal: Closer to the origin of a structure.
- Distal: Further from the origin of a structure.
- Medial: Towards the midline of the body.
- Lateral: Away from the midline of the body.
- Superficial: Closer to the surface of the body.
- Deep: Further from the surface of the body.
- Superior: Above another structure.
- Inferior: Below another structure.
- Cephalic: In the head region.
- Caudal: In the tail region.
- Ventral: On the belly side.
- Dorsal: On the back side.
Anatomical Terms for Describing Movements
- Flexion: Decreasing the joint angle.
- Extension: Increasing the joint angle.
- Abduction: Movement away from the midline of the body.
- Adduction: Movement towards the midline of the body.
- Rotation: Turning around an axis.
- Circumduction: Circular movement.
- Pronation: Rotating the hand so the palm faces down.
- Supination: Rotating hand so the palm faces up.
- Dorsiflexion: Bending the foot upward.
- Plantarflexion: Bending the foot downward.
- Inversion: Turning the sole of the foot inwards.
- Eversion: Turning the sole of the foot outwards.
Anatomical Terms Describing Muscles
- Origin: The relatively fixed end of a muscle during movement.
- Insertion: The relatively mobile end of a muscle during movement.
- Belly: The fleshy, contractile part of the muscle.
- Tendon: The fibrous, non-contractile part of a muscle that attaches it to bone.
- Aponeurosis: A flattened tendon arising from the connective tissues around the muscle.
Body Tissues
-
Epithelial Tissues: Line or cover structures. Can be:
- Simple: Single layer.
- Stratified: Multiple layers.
-
Connective Tissues: Provide support, protection, and insulation
- Smooth Connective Tissue: Found in internal organs, blood vessels, and the digestive system.
-
Cartilagenous Connective Tissue: Provides flexibility and support:
- White Fibrocartilage: Found in intervertebral discs and menisci.
- Yellow Fibrocartilage: Found in the ear and epiglottis.
-
Bony Connective Tissue: Provides structural support and protection:
- Compact Bone: Dense, hard bone found in the shafts of long bones.
- Spongy Bone: Porous bone found in the ends of long bones.
Body Fascia
- Fascia: Band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, that supports and separates muscles and other tissues.
-
Superficial Fascia: The layer of loose connective tissue beneath the skin.
- Contains fat and water.
- Absent in the eyelid, ear, scrotum, penis, and clitoris.
-
Deep Fascia: Dense fibrous connective tissue surrounding individual muscles and dividing them into compartments.
- Rich in elastin fibers.
- Contains sensory receptors.
-
Visceral Fascia (Subserous Fascia): Connective tissue membranes that suspend and wrap organs within their cavities.
- Parietal Layer: Outermost layer.
- Visceral Layer: Innermost layer.
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Description
Test your knowledge on anatomical positions and planes with this quiz. Learn about terms like prone, supine, and the various planes of the body. Perfect for students studying anatomy or related health sciences.
