Anatomical Positions and Planes Quiz

Study Notes

Anatomical erect position describes the body standing upright with specific limb and hand positioning.
Supine position involves lying on the back, prone on the face, and lat.decubitus on the side.
Lithotomy positioning involves lying on the back with hip and knee flexion and hip abduction.

Median (sagittal) plane vertically divides the body into equal right and left halves.
Paramedian planes run parallel to the median plane.
Coronal (frontal) plane vertically divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
Horizontal plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Anterior (ventral) denotes the front of the body, while posterior (dorsal) represents the back.
Superior (upper) and inferior (lower) refer to positions higher and lower on the body, respectively.
Median describes the midline, medial the proximity to the midline, and lateral the distance from it.
Proximal refers to the area closer to the root of a limb, and distal to the area farther away.
Superficial denotes proximity to the body's surface, internal (inner) to the inside of an organ, and deep to the areas further from the surface.
External (outer) describes the surface of an organ or body, and peri means "around".

Uni / Mono means one, Bi / Di two, Tri three, Quadri four, Multi / Poly many, and Oligo little.

Fascia is a collection of connective tissue under the skin, categorized into superficial, deep, and internal types.

Superficial fascia is loose connective tissue positioned directly beneath the skin, allowing skin movement.
It contains fat, with varying levels present in different body regions, and plays roles in thermal insulation, facilitating skin movement, and housing muscles and glands.

Deep fascia is a strong, inelastic membrane made of dense, arranged collagen fibers.
Its functions include forming sheets to fix structures, create intermuscular septa (separating muscle groups), form retinacula (keeping tendons in place), and creating aponeurosis (protecting vessels and tendons).
It is clinically significant as its arrangement influences infection paths and swelling in superficial fascia can cause edema.

Bones are a hard type of connective tissue forming the skeleton, providing shape, vital organ protection, muscle attachment, weight support, and blood cell production.

The axial skeleton includes bones of the skull, mandible, rib cage, and vertebral column, while the appendicular skeleton comprises the bones of the limbs.
Intra-membranous ossification occurs when bones develop directly from connective tissue membranes (mesenchyme).
Intra-cartilaginous ossification, on the other hand, involves the replacement of cartilage by bone.