Anatomical and Physiological Features of Child Lungs Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What anatomical and physiological features predispose young children to frequent respiratory diseases?

  • Insufficient drainage function and tendency of mucous membranes to edema and hypersecretion
  • Narrow and short upper respiratory tract and relative dryness of mucous membranes (correct)
  • Reduced drainage function of the bronchi and shallow breathing
  • Richness of vascularization and good development of elastic and muscle fibers

Which of the following is a cause of prenatal malnutrition?

  • Malabsorption syndrome
  • Father's occupational hazard
  • Occupational hazard of the mother
  • Threat of miscarriage in the 1st month (correct)

What are considered endogenous causes of dystrophy in young children?

  • Pylorospasm and pyloric stenosis
  • Eating disorders
  • Malabsorption syndrome (correct)
  • Natural feeding

Which of the following is considered an exogenous cause of malnutrition in young children?

<p>Pylorospasm and pyloric stenosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of bronchial asthma?

<p>Pneumofibrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes respiratory failure during an attack of bronchial asthma?

<p>Bronchospasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the features of the course of an asthma attack in young children?

<p>Predominance of the vasosecretory component (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for the formation of exudative-catarrhal diathesis in a child?

<p>Decreased barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of hypervitaminosis D?

<p>Overdose of vitamin D; determination of calcium and phosphorus in the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which methods are used for diagnosing rickets?

<p>Determination of calcium and phosphorus in the blood; Sulkowicz test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the antenatal nonspecific prevention of rickets?

<p>Ural Federal District; good nutrition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is part of the specific therapy for rickets?

<p>Vitamin D oil solution; alcohol solution of vitamin D (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzymes are included in gastric juice?

<p>Pepsin + rennet + lipase + amylase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes physiological jaundice in newborns?

<p>Hemolysis of red blood cells + cholestasis + functional immaturity of the liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cholestasis syndrome?

<p>Jaundice + hepatomegaly + telangiectasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of vomiting in newborns and infants?

<p>Horizontal position of the stomach + weakness of the cardiac sphincter + smooth gastric mucosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are additional indicators of physical development?

<p>Body length + turgor and skin elasticity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main causes of rickets in children?

<p>Insufficient intake of vitamin D from food; + insufficient formation of vitamin D in the skin; + impaired hydrolysis and absorption of vitamin D in the intestine; + deficiency of calcium, protein and other vitamins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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