Anatomical and Physiological Features of Child Lungs Quiz

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What anatomical and physiological features predispose young children to frequent respiratory diseases?

Insufficient drainage function and tendency of mucous membranes to edema and hypersecretion

Narrow and short upper respiratory tract and relative dryness of mucous membranes (correct)

Reduced drainage function of the bronchi and shallow breathing

Richness of vascularization and good development of elastic and muscle fibers

Which of the following is a cause of prenatal malnutrition?

Malabsorption syndrome

Father's occupational hazard

Occupational hazard of the mother

Threat of miscarriage in the 1st month (correct)

What are considered endogenous causes of dystrophy in young children?

Pylorospasm and pyloric stenosis

Eating disorders

Malabsorption syndrome (correct)

Natural feeding

Which of the following is considered an exogenous cause of malnutrition in young children?

Pylorospasm and pyloric stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of bronchial asthma?

Pneumofibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What causes respiratory failure during an attack of bronchial asthma?

Bronchospasm Signup and view all the answers

What are the features of the course of an asthma attack in young children?

Predominance of the vasosecretory component Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for the formation of exudative-catarrhal diathesis in a child?

Decreased barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of hypervitaminosis D?

Overdose of vitamin D; determination of calcium and phosphorus in the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which methods are used for diagnosing rickets?

Determination of calcium and phosphorus in the blood; Sulkowicz test Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the antenatal nonspecific prevention of rickets?

Ural Federal District; good nutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is part of the specific therapy for rickets?

Vitamin D oil solution; alcohol solution of vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

What enzymes are included in gastric juice?

Pepsin + rennet + lipase + amylase Signup and view all the answers

What causes physiological jaundice in newborns?

Hemolysis of red blood cells + cholestasis + functional immaturity of the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cholestasis syndrome?

Jaundice + hepatomegaly + telangiectasia Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of vomiting in newborns and infants?

Horizontal position of the stomach + weakness of the cardiac sphincter + smooth gastric mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What are additional indicators of physical development?

Body length + turgor and skin elasticity Signup and view all the answers

What are the main causes of rickets in children?

Insufficient intake of vitamin D from food; + insufficient formation of vitamin D in the skin; + impaired hydrolysis and absorption of vitamin D in the intestine; + deficiency of calcium, protein and other vitamins Signup and view all the answers