Anatomia del Esqueleto e Musculos

Skeletal System

• Axial skeleton: consists of 80 bones that form the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum
• Appendicular skeleton: consists of 126 bones that form the upper and lower limbs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle

Bony Landmarks

• Foramen: hole or opening in a bone that allows passage of nerves, blood vessels, or other structures
• Glenoid cavity: shallow depression in the scapula that forms the shoulder joint
• Acetabulum: cup-like depression in the pelvis that forms the hip joint

Bone Cells

• Osteoblasts: cells responsible for bone formation
• Osteocytes: mature bone cells that are embedded in the bone matrix
• Osteoclasts: cells responsible for breaking down and resorbing bone tissue
• Chondrocytes: cells found in cartilage that produce and maintain the cartilage matrix

Bone Structure

• Epiphysis: ends of a long bone that forms joints
• Diaphysis: shaft of a long bone

Connective Tissue

• Ligament: fibrous connective tissue that connects bones and forms joints
• Fracture: break or crack in a bone

Muscle Physiology

• Origin: point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that remains relatively stationary during muscle contraction
• Insertion: point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that moves during muscle contraction
• Prime mover: muscle that is primarily responsible for a movement
• Antagonist: muscle that opposes the movement of a prime mover
• Synergist: muscle that assists a prime mover
• Fixator: muscle that stabilizes a joint during movement

Muscle Structure

• Sarcomere: functional unit of muscle tissue responsible for contraction
• Threshold: minimum intensity of a stimulus required to generate an action potential
• Action potential: electrical impulse that travels along a muscle fiber, causing contraction
• Neuromuscular junction: site where a motor neuron terminates and forms a synapse with a muscle fiber
• Neurotransmitter: chemical released by a neuron that binds to a receptor on a muscle fiber, stimulating muscle contraction

Skeletal System

• Axial skeleton: consists of 80 bones that form the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum
• Appendicular skeleton: consists of 126 bones that form the upper and lower limbs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle

Bony Landmarks

• Foramen: hole or opening in a bone that allows passage of nerves, blood vessels, or other structures
• Glenoid cavity: shallow depression in the scapula that forms the shoulder joint
• Acetabulum: cup-like depression in the pelvis that forms the hip joint

Bone Cells

• Osteoblasts: cells responsible for bone formation
• Osteocytes: mature bone cells that are embedded in the bone matrix
• Osteoclasts: cells responsible for breaking down and resorbing bone tissue
• Chondrocytes: cells found in cartilage that produce and maintain the cartilage matrix

Bone Structure

• Epiphysis: ends of a long bone that forms joints
• Diaphysis: shaft of a long bone

Connective Tissue

• Ligament: fibrous connective tissue that connects bones and forms joints
• Fracture: break or crack in a bone

Muscle Physiology

• Origin: point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that remains relatively stationary during muscle contraction
• Insertion: point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that moves during muscle contraction
• Prime mover: muscle that is primarily responsible for a movement
• Antagonist: muscle that opposes the movement of a prime mover
• Synergist: muscle that assists a prime mover
• Fixator: muscle that stabilizes a joint during movement

Muscle Structure

• Sarcomere: functional unit of muscle tissue responsible for contraction
• Threshold: minimum intensity of a stimulus required to generate an action potential
• Action potential: electrical impulse that travels along a muscle fiber, causing contraction
• Neuromuscular junction: site where a motor neuron terminates and forms a synapse with a muscle fiber
• Neurotransmitter: chemical released by a neuron that binds to a receptor on a muscle fiber, stimulating muscle contraction