Anaphylaxis Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What describes anaphylaxis?

  • A non-fatal reaction focused solely on the skin.
  • An intolerance that causes delayed symptoms.
  • A mild allergic reaction with localized symptoms.
  • A life-threatening allergic reaction affecting multiple systems. (correct)

    • What is urticaria commonly known as?

  • Hives (correct)
  • Angioedema
  • Respiratory arrest
  • Swelling

    • Which grade of allergic reaction is described as severe respiratory and/or cardiovascular issues?

  • Grade 3 (a)
  • Grade 3 (b) (correct)
  • Grade 1
  • Grade 2 (a)

    • What distinguishes an intolerance from an allergy?

    <p>Allergies can be life-threatening, while intolerances are not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does objective dyspnoea indicate?

    <p>Increased respiratory difficulty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of adrenaline on the heart during anaphylaxis?

    <p>Improvement in cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do mast cells play in the immune response during anaphylaxis?

    <p>Release chemicals such as histamine and PAF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary immunoglobulin involved in the allergic reaction process?

    <p>Immunoglobulin E (IgE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a higher dose of adrenaline differ from a lower dose in the context of anaphylaxis?

    <p>Exhibits stronger alpha effects on blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the degranulation process in mast cells?

    <p>It leads to increased vascular permeability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical is released by mast cells during an allergic reaction that causes blood vessel dilation?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be administered immediately for circulatory support in the case of anaphylaxis?

    <p>Intramuscular adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is NOT produced by mast cells during anaphylaxis?

    <p>Immunoglobulin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which response is a possible clinical sign of severe allergic reactions?

    <p>Low blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the A-to-E assessment primarily used for in emergency treatment?

    <p>To assess airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid is often given if initial adrenaline treatment does not yield results?

    <p>Intravenous (IV) fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome if there is a delay in administering adrenaline during anaphylaxis?

    <p>Worsening of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of securing the airway during anaphylaxis treatment?

    <p>To prevent airway obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for thrombosis in the case of cardiac arrest?

    <p>Fibrinolytic therapy and 45 min CPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with thrombosis?

    <p>Chest pain from pericarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action to take when dealing with a toxin causing cardiac arrest?

    <p>Remove the toxin where possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reversible cause of cardiac arrest is characterized by a clot in the pulmonary or coronary artery?

    <p>Thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anaphylaxis can lead to cardiac arrest, but what is the significant missing detail in its discussion?

    <p>Treatment options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for hypovolemia during cardiac arrest?

    <p>250-500 mL Normal Saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a tension pneumothorax?

    <p>Tracheal deviation and difficulty ventilating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is used for cardiac tamponade?

    <p>Pericardiocentesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoxia is characterized by which of the following?

    <p>Lack of oxygen reaching the main organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ECG changes can suggest hyper/hypokalemia?

    <p>Upward or downward T waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of anaphylaxis?

    <p>Severe and generalized reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cells first bind to immunoglobulin E (IgE) during an allergic reaction?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate physiological effect of histamine release during anaphylaxis?

    <p>Vasodilation and drop in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens on the initial exposure to an allergen in an anaphylactic response?

    <p>B-lymphocytes produce antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to reduce symptoms of intolerances and allergies?

    <p>Avoid exposure to the allergen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intercostal muscle is located externally to the ribs?

    <p>External intercostal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color shading represents the internal intercostal muscle in the diagram?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is the most internal layer of the intercostal muscles?

    <p>Innermost intercostal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is depicted as the breastbone in the diagram?

    <p>Sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color represents the innermost intercostal muscle in the diagram?

    <p>Light blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for thrombosis in the case of cardiac arrest?

    <p>Fibrinolytic therapy within 45 minutes of CPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by high potassium levels in the blood?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes hypoxia during a cardiac arrest?

    <p>Low oxygen in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with fluid buildup around the heart?

    <p>Tamponade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of toxins causing cardiac arrest?

    <p>Allergies present in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of tension pneumothorax during a cardiac arrest?

    <p>Air trapped in the chest cavity putting pressure on the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reversible cause of cardiac arrest does NOT have a specific treatment listed?

    <p>Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary approach to managing toxins during cardiac arrest?

    <p>Using a Toxbase for antidote information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the larynx?

    <p>Produce sound and speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex is activated when foreign objects enter the back of the tongue?

    <p>Pharyngeal reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

    <p>Transmit signals to contract the thyro-arytenoid muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a single cartilage found in the larynx?

    <p>Arytenoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the vocal cords when the brain is suppressed, such as during anesthesia?

    <p>They become fully relaxed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for preventing foreign objects from entering the trachea?

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the airway is true?

    <p>The nasopharynx is the highest point of the airway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cartilages play a role in relaxing and tensing the vocal cords?

    <p>Arytenoid and Corniculate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily contributes to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance during anaphylaxis?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does histamine have on the airway during anaphylaxis?

    <p>Causes bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of increased capillary permeability during anaphylaxis?

    <p>Fluid leakage from blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of Prostaglandin D2 during anaphylaxis?

    <p>Cause bronchoconstriction and vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does refractory anaphylaxis refer to?

    <p>Anaphylaxis that does not respond to initial adrenaline doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of IM adrenaline for anaphylaxis?

    <p>500 mcg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a lower dose of adrenaline recommended for bronchodilation during anaphylaxis?

    <p>To focus on the Beta2 effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells bind immunoglobulin E (IgE) during the later stages of anaphylaxis?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

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