Anaphylaxis Overview and Management

Study Notes

Definition

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.

Causes

Common triggers include:
- Foods (e.g., peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, eggs, milk)
- Medications (e.g., antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
- Insect stings (e.g., bees, wasps)
- Latex
- Exercise (sometimes in conjunction with food)

Symptoms

Develop rapidly, typically within minutes to hours:
- Skin reactions: hives, itching, flushing
- Respiratory issues: difficulty breathing, wheezing, throat swelling
- Gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Cardiovascular problems: rapid or weak pulse, low blood pressure, fainting
- Neurological symptoms: confusion, anxiety, dizziness

Diagnosis

Based on:
- Clinical history and symptoms
- Exposure to known allergens

Treatment

Immediate administration of epinephrine (adrenaline) is crucial.
- Can be given via auto-injector (e.g., EpiPen)
Additional treatments may include:
- Antihistamines (for mild reactions)
- Corticosteroids (to reduce inflammation)
- Oxygen therapy (for respiratory issues)

Prevention

Avoid known allergens.
Carry an epinephrine auto-injector if at risk.
Educate self and others about recognizing anaphylaxis symptoms.

Emergency Response

Call emergency services immediately if anaphylaxis is suspected.
Lay the person down and elevate their legs if possible.
Administer epinephrine as soon as available.

Prognosis

With prompt treatment, most individuals recover completely.
Recurrent episodes may occur; monitoring and avoiding triggers are essential.

Definition

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening.

Causes

Common triggers include:
- Foods: peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, eggs, milk
- Medications: antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Insect stings from bees and wasps
- Latex exposure
- Exercise, especially when combined with certain foods

Symptoms

Symptoms can develop rapidly, often within minutes to hours:
- Skin reactions: hives, itching, and flushing
- Respiratory issues: difficulty breathing, wheezing, and swelling in the throat
- Gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
- Cardiovascular problems: rapid or weak pulse, low blood pressure, and fainting
- Neurological symptoms: confusion, anxiety, and dizziness

Diagnosis

Diagnosis relies on:
- Clinical history regarding past allergic reactions and symptoms
- Recent exposure to known allergens

Treatment

Immediate administration of epinephrine (adrenaline) is crucial, typically through an auto-injector like EpiPen.
Additional treatments may include:
- Antihistamines for managing mild reactions
- Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
- Oxygen therapy for addressing respiratory complications

Prevention

Avoidance of known allergens is key.
Individuals at risk should carry an epinephrine auto-injector.
Education about anaphylaxis symptoms is essential for self and others.

Emergency Response

Immediate action is necessary:
- Call emergency services if anaphylaxis is suspected.
- Lay the affected person down and elevate their legs if feasible.
- Administer epinephrine as soon as possible.

Prognosis

Most individuals recover completely with prompt treatment.
Monitoring for recurrent episodes and avoidance of triggers is vital for ongoing safety.

Description

Test your knowledge about anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. This quiz covers the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for anaphylaxis, providing essential information for understanding this medical condition. Prepare to learn important facts that could save lives.