Analytical vs. Holistic Perception in Cognitive Psychology

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According to the research on analytical vs. holistic perception, which of the following statements is true?

Holistic perception is more prevalent in Asian cultures, while analytical perception is more common in Western cultures.

Holistic perception is linked to increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, while analytical perception is linked to increased activity in the visual cortex.

Analytical perception is associated with faster neural processing times compared to holistic perception.

Cultural differences in perception are evident as early as 100 milliseconds after stimulus presentation, as shown by ERP studies. (correct)

In the context of computer mouse-tracking studies, what do the terms 'congruent', 'neutral', and 'incongruent' refer to?

Different patterns of mouse movements observed during the task. (correct)

Different cognitive processes involved in decision-making.

Different types of stimuli used in the experiments.

Different cultural backgrounds of the participants.

According to the research on cultural emotional 'dialects', which of the following statements is correct?

Emotion is entirely universal, and there are no cultural differences in the expression or decoding of emotions.

Emotion is entirely culturally specific, and there are no universal components to emotion expression or recognition.

While the basic emotions are universal, there are cultural differences in the display and decoding rules for emotions. (correct)

Cultural differences in emotion expression and recognition are only evident in specific brain regions, such as the amygdala.

The 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' (RME) task is often used to study which of the following?

The neural correlates of empathy and social cognition. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is related to the distinction between analytical and holistic perception?

Independent vs. interdependent self-construal. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a mechanism of social learning in non-human primates?

Operant conditioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why evidence for cumulative culture is scarce in non-human primates, despite evidence of goal-based imitation?

Non-human primates lack the cognitive abilities to build upon previous innovations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the difference between imitation and mimicking in non-human primates?

Imitation involves reproducing the goals of another person, while mimicking involves copying the action without understanding the goal. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the evidence for imitation in non-human primates is most accurate?

The evidence for imitation in non-human primates is controversial, with some researchers changing their positions on the topic over time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between imitation and stimulus enhancement as mechanisms of social learning in non-human primates?

Imitation involves understanding the goal of an action, while stimulus enhancement simply draws attention to an object or location. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about mirror neurons is most accurate?

They respond to the intention behind an action, regardless of the specific movements involved. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential problem with the role of mirror neurons in imitation and tool use across different species?

Despite possessing mirror neurons, some species require extensive training to imitate or use tools. Signup and view all the answers

What potential solution is suggested in the text to address the problem of mirror neurons across species?

Comparing the brain activity of monkeys that have mastered tool use with novices. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is true about imitation in infant macaques?

It is unclear whether infant macaques' imitation of actions like tongue protrusion is true imitation or contagion. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between humans and macaque monkeys regarding tool use?

Humans can learn to use tools after a single exposure, while macaque monkeys require extensive training. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key finding from the research on cultural neuroscience discussed in the text?

Genetic selection of serotonin transporter and cultural selection of collectivism/individualism co-evolved Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, which of the following best describes the 'Culture Pyramid' discussed in the text?

A conceptual model depicting the hierarchical structure of cultural patterns and neural patterns Signup and view all the answers

What is the key finding from the research by Whiten et al. (2005) discussed in the text?

Social conformity can lead to the learning of new traditions in non-human animals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT discussed as an example of culture or traditions in non-human animals?

Information transfer in fish and invertebrates, such as bees Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the research on cultural neuroscience discussed in the text?

Exploring the co-evolution of genetic and cultural factors, specifically the serotonin transporter and individualism/collectivism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a proposed mechanism for social learning across species according to the summary?

Deliberate training Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about imitation in chimpanzees is correct?

Imitation in chimpanzees may be used to obtain personal rewards, such as food. Signup and view all the answers

The text suggests that the unique aspect of complex culture in humans, compared to other primates, may be related to:

The gene expression of mirror neurons and their pathways to other regions Signup and view all the answers

The concept of 'neural recycling' refers to which of the following?

The process of reusing neural resources originally dedicated to other functions for cultural innovations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cultural systems for representing numbers is correct?

All of the above statements are correct according to the text. Signup and view all the answers

Tool use in humans and other primates is facilitated by:

Multisensory neurons in the intraparietal sulcus Signup and view all the answers

The text suggests that the connections between the intraparietal sulcus and the temporal-parietal junction:

Are innately present in humans and chimpanzees, but only present in monkeys as a result of deliberate training Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about mirror neurons is correct based on the text?

Mirror neurons respond to both observed actions by others and executed actions by the self. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided in the text, which of the following statements is correct?

Tool use modifies neural representations, as evidenced by changes in receptive fields. Signup and view all the answers

The text suggests that the existence of mirror neurons alone is not enough to explain the uniqueness of complex culture in humans compared to other primates. What additional factor is mentioned?

The gene expression of mirror neurons and their pathways to other regions Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between cultural patterns and neural patterns?

Cultural patterns and neural patterns are mapped to each other, with neural patterns being the source and cultural patterns being the result. Signup and view all the answers

How does collectivism affect the levels of anxiety/mood disorders in a region according to the text?

Collectivism decreases levels of anxiety/mood disorders in a region. Signup and view all the answers

How does the self-concept of Chinese participants differ from that of other cultures?

The self-concept of Chinese participants is more closely linked to their mother compared to other cultures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between reading 'I' versus 'we' narratives and global versus local processing according to the text?

Reading 'I' narratives affects later local processing, while reading 'we' narratives affects later global processing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between analytical and holistic perception according to the text?

Analytical perception and holistic perception are two different types of perception that can coexist within an individual. Signup and view all the answers

How does culture affect reward and behavior?

Culture affects reward, which in turn affects behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between independent and interdependent self-concepts according to the text?

Independent and interdependent self-concepts are two different types of self-concepts that can coexist within an individual. Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the process of 'self-concept analysis'?

The text describes self-concept analysis as a process of examining one's own traits and characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

How does reading 'I' versus 'we' narratives affect later processing in Chinese participants?