Analytical, Intensive, and Extensive Reading

Lesson 1: The Meaning of Analytical Reading

• Ramon Guillermo suggests Filipinos read the least in Asia
• Coady states readers correlate prior knowledge with ability to create ideas from processed information.
• Wixson, Peters, Weber and Roeber state reading is meaning construction via interaction of:
  • Reader's stored knowledge
  • Information in the reading text
  • Reading context or situation

Intensive Reading

• Intensive reading aims to grasp the text's entire meaning
• Called "Thorough Reading"
• Intensive reading is a technique used to understand the entirety of texts

Extensive Reading

• Extensive reading aims to gather the text's general idea
• The purpose of reading is to grasp the text's overall idea
• Reading materials are usually long
• Focus is on understanding the text's content
• This reading happens outside the classroom
• Students select reading material
• The purpose of reading is enjoyment
• There is no test after reading
• Process is rapid
• Takes place without a teacher's guidance
• Students become role models for their peers
• Experts acknowledge this type of reading grows learner vocabulary by involving wide reading of various texts, allowing students to recognize different words and meanings.

The Meaning of Critical Reading

• It involves developing independent views and decisions, not just extracting information
• Cristobal says this reading helps get meaning and form personal views in Critical Reading (2011)

Skimming

• Skimming is rapid reading to grasp the text’s general idea.
• The purpose of skimming is to quickly identify the main topic and content outline.
• Read the title and subtitles
• Read the first sentence of each paragraph
• Look for keywords
• Glance at pictures, diagrams, and visual elements

Scanning

• Scanning is rapid reading to find specific info in the text.
• The purpose of scanning is to find particular details or answers
• Recognize the information being searched for.
• Read titles to identify information position
• Find keywords
• Scan text from top to bottom or left to right to find information quickly

Levels of Reading

Analytical/Analytical

• Analytical reading carefully assesses the accuracy of details in the material
• The reader becomes critical and observant to presented ideas
• The reader analyses arguments and pieces of evidence to determine truth and reliability
• It requires high-level thought and understanding.

Inspectional Reading

• Inspectional reading involves a reader reading with speed to get a general idea of an article's content
• The purpose is to know immediately the author’s subject and intent
• The method entails rapidly viewing main text parts like the title, first paragraph, and headings

Elementary Reading

• The purpose is to get main ideas from the text.
• It does not need detailed analysis, the reader understands the message

Syntopical Reading

• Syntopical reading involves reading numerous texts on a subject for comparison
• The 5 steps are as follows:
  • Survey: Identify relevant works
  • Assimilation: Understand terminology and ideas
  • Questions: Create questions to be answered by the works
  • Intelligence: Form arguments to these questions
  • Analysis: Critically assess and share new ideas.

Lesson 2: About Texts

• Adler suggests good writers are good readers

Definition

• A text refers to related sentences

Types

• It can be oral or written, of any style or genre
• Examples include letters, essays and novels

Objective

• The task serves communication purposes

Importance of Recognizing and Analysing Text

• Explores text analysis to understand content and messages, emphasizing critical thinking and reading skills

Two Main Types of Texts

• Literary Texts: refer to literary literature (poems, stories)
• Factual Texts: Aim to educate or persuade readers

Relationship of Author, Text and Reader

• Authors create texts, choosing words, organizing ideas and using facts, imagination, opinions
• Readers utilize stored knowledge to construct meaning from texts

Context

• Context means a situation or conditions surrounding something
• Types include Linguistic, Situational/Social, Historical, Philosophical/Logical, Literary

Before Reading

• Know your aim
• Know what type of text is to be read
• Use prior knowledge to connect with the subject/topic

While Reading

• Give attention to what you're reading
• Question and reflect as you read
• Observe own understanding
• Record key facts

After Reading

• Ask if you met your aim
• Critically understand
• Evaluate or summarize text
• Find info

Good Methods/Strategies

• Understand content and message
• Evaluate ideas
• Justify meaning
• Value opinion over fantasy

Relationship Author and Reader

• Authors create texts, choosing words
• They can use fact, imagination, or opinion

Text

• Consider own relationship to the text

Lesson 3: About Informative Writing

• It explains a subject, place, object, or event with no personal opinions
• Explains a topic through fact-based steps
• It has logical explanations
• It is factual and is often unbiased
• Reveals the topic to resolve queries It shares knowledge through credible sources
• It is in the non-fiction category according to Duke and Bennett-Armistead

Two Main Activities in Writing Non-Fiction

• Provide information visually
• Attract attention to ideas in written non-fiction

Non-Fiction Informative Text Includes

• Visual Methods: image, diagram and table
• Ways of Calling Attention: table of contents, glossary, headings, captions etc.

Significance Informative Text

• It enriches one's knowledge
• Helps one appreciate writing in detail

Features Informative Text

• Clear with organized content
• Develops subject with information
• Uses proper words for the subject, and seamless transitions
• Information should be arranged logically for comprehension

Types/Arrangement Informative Text

Sequencing

• Describes events from first to last
  • For example: biography and planting rice

Cause and Effect

• Explains why something has happened
• Shows relationships between causes, events, and effects
• For example: Effects of ash fall on health and pollution.

Comparison

• Compares the similarities and differences between two subjects
• The comparisons should be made clearly to see differences, without being only positive
  • For example: Zoom vs Google Meet

Definition

• Describes a topic to create an image for the reader

Two Types of Definitions

• Denotation – literal definition
• Connotation – implied definition

Problem and Solution

• The author states the issue and solutions.
• This can be confused with cause and effect.
  • For example: How to alleviate poverty.

Lesson 6: About Narrative Text

• Narrative text talks about occasions
• Can be factual or non-factual material
• It can be oral or written, of any style or genre
• Narratives tell stories
• Narratives can use figurative language

Purposes of Text

• To have fun
• To teach lessons and impart knowledge

Narrative Elements and Characteristics

Perspective Point of View

• First person tells from the perspective of one of the characters
• Second person addresses the reader
• Third person tells it from someone without involving any of the characters

Theme

• This forms the story and could be implied not told

Plot

• The plot splits the story into stages
  • The stages involve suliranin (problems), their resolutions, and the beginning, middle and end.

Different Types Conflict

• Self vs self
• Person vs person

Techniques that are Involved in the Writing Process

• Flashback recounts things from the past
• Flashforward recounts things to happen
• Elipsis omits segments of story
• Nonlinear is disjointed

Functions of Characters

• Main character is the central one
• The opponent supports the character

Types of Characters (Forster, 1956)

• Flat characters (they do change from the story)
• Round, those that change because of events

Creative Non-Fiction

• It combines real-life elements
• The example involves true historical stories.
• There are qualities you should have

1. Realism
2. Reflection
3. Research

• Important parts that could assist with aspects of reflection

4. Reading
5. Writing

Lesson 7 Characteristics of An Argumentative Text

• Argumentative texts aim to influence, persuade, and get people to accept a topic
• Persuasive writing aims to persuade a topic Argumentative writing seeks to defend through facts and logic

Tips for Designing Argumentative Text

1. Know subject matter
2. Pick side
3. Add facts
4. Compare ideas

Main Ingredients In An Argument

• Claim is the main argument that has to be made
• The ground or verification should support the argument
• These factors can assist with the understanding of an argument

1. Warrant
2. Facts
3. Examples

Design Argument

• There are crucial details in the opening
• One should know how to grab attention of your reader
• Details should be included to connect to them