Analytical Chemistry: Volumetric Methods of Analysis

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Questions and Answers

What is the fundamental basis of precipitimetry as a method of analysis?

Ability of some ions to form a complex

Ability of some ions to change color

Ability of some ions to change state

Ability of some ions to form a precipitate upon treatment with certain reagents (correct)

What is the condition for the precipitate in precipitimetry?

The precipitate must be practically insoluble (correct)

The precipitate must be highly soluble

The precipitate must be completely soluble

The precipitate must be partially soluble

What is the purpose of the solubility product rule?

To determine the solubility of highly soluble salts

To determine the solubility of sparingly soluble salts (correct)

To determine the solubility of only acidic salts

To determine the solubility of all types of salts

What happens when a sparingly soluble salt is shaken in water or other solvent?

A very small amount of the solid phase is converted to soluble molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for the solubility product (Ksp)?

Ksp = [A-]n [B+]m Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the solubility product (Ksp)?

It is a constant at constant temperature and pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for the formation of a precipitate according to the solubility product rule?

The product of molar concentrations of ions each raised to a power equal to the number of ions produced is greater than Ksp Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the end point in precipitimetry?

It must be easily detected Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding BaCl2 to a solution of BaSO4?

It decreases the solubility of BaSO4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding KCl to a solution of BaSO4?

It increases the solubility of BaSO4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding CN- to a solution of AgNO3?

It dissolves the precipitate of AgCN Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding NH3 to a solution of AgCl?

It dissolves the precipitate of AgCl Signup and view all the answers

What is the common ion effect?

The effect of a similar ion on the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt Signup and view all the answers

What is the diverse ion effect?

The effect of a diverse ion on the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a sparingly soluble salt is dissolved in a solution containing a common ion?

The solubility of the sparingly soluble salt decreases Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a sparingly soluble salt is dissolved in a solution containing a diverse ion?

The solubility of the sparingly soluble salt increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding excess AgNO3 in the first drop?

To react with Ag(CN)2- to form a white precipitate Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of KI in Denige's method?

To detect the end point by forming a yellow turbidity of AgI Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of the turbidity that indicates the end point in Denige's method?

Yellow Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using Denige's method over Liebeg's method?

It renders the end point more clear Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula of the complex formed by Ag+ ions with KCN?

Ag(CN)2- Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using KCN in the reaction?

To form a complex with Ag+ ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum concentration of Ag+ required for AgCl to precipitate?

10^-9 Signup and view all the answers

Why does AgI precipitate before AgCl?

AgI has a lower solubility product than AgCl Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of successive precipitation using the same precipitating agent?

Fractional Precipitation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a titration curve in precipitimetry?

To determine the sharpness of the end point and choose the most suitable indicator Signup and view all the answers

What determines the shape of the titration curve in precipitimetry?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the inflection point on the titration curve?

It determines the sharpness of the end point Signup and view all the answers

Why does a higher concentration of the precipitating agent and analyte result in a sharper end point?

Because the reaction is more complete at higher concentrations Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the solubility product of the precipitate on the sharpness of the end point?

A lower solubility product results in a sharper end point Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when silver is added to a solution containing cyanide ions?

Silver cyanide Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding more cyanide to a solution containing silver cyanide?

To form a soluble argentocyanide complex Signup and view all the answers

What is the end point of the precipitation reaction in argentometry?

Disappearance of the yellow color of the chromate indicator Signup and view all the answers

What is the medium required for the titration reaction in argentometry?

Neutral to slightly alkaline Signup and view all the answers

What is the indicator used in Mohr's method?

Chromate Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for using a dilute solution of chromate in Mohr's method?

To mask the trace color of silver chromate Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition required for the formation of a precipitate in argentometry?

pH range of 7-9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of Mohr's method?

It is not suitable for highly acidic or basic solutions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Precipitimetry

Precipitimetry is a quantitative volumetric method of analysis based on the ability of some ions or compounds to form a precipitate upon treatment with certain reagents.

Conditions for Good Application of Precipitimetry

The precipitate must be practically insoluble.
Precipitation should be rapid.
The end point must be easily detected.

Solubility Product Rule

The solubility product rule controls the formation of precipitates and is applied only for sparingly soluble salts.
For a sparingly soluble salt having the general formula AnBm, the solubility product will be: Ksp = [A-]n [B+]m, where Ksp is constant at constant temperature and pressure.

Factors Affecting Solubility of Sparing Soluble Salts

Common ion effect: the presence of a common ion decreases the solubility of the sparingly soluble salt.
Diverse ion effect: the presence of a diverse ion increases the solubility of the sparingly soluble salt.
Complex formation: the formation of a complex can increase the solubility of the precipitate.

Titration Curves in Precipitation Reactions

A titration curve is a plot of –log molar concentration of the precipitated ion versus ml of titrant.
The sharpness of the inflection point on the curve determines the end point.

Fractional Precipitation

Fractional precipitation is a type of successive precipitation using the same precipitating agent.
The substance with the lower Ksp precipitates first.

Denige's Method

Denige's method is a modification of Liebeg's method to render the end point more clear.
It uses KI in an ammonical medium to detect the end point.

Applications of Precipitimetry

Precipitimetry can be used for the determination of Cl- and Br-.
The choice of method depends on the type of indicator used.

Mohr's Method

Mohr's method is used for the determination of Cl- and Br-.
The titrant is Ag+, and the indicator is chromate (concentration: 0.015 M).
The end point is a brick-red color.

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Description

Learn about precipitimetry, a quantitative method of analysis based on the formation of precipitates upon treatment with certain reagents. Presented by Dr. Nada Samy.