Analytical Chemistry: Separation and Identification of Substances

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Questions and Answers

What type of indicator changes its color in acidic and basic solutions?

  • Colour indicators (correct)
  • Turbidity indicators
  • Concentration indicators
  • Fluorescence indicators

What is the formula used to calculate the equivalent factor (F) in titrations?

  • F = mol.w / normality * 1000
  • F = mol.w * normality / 1000 (correct)
  • F = 1000 / mol.w * normality
  • F = normality / mol.w * 1000

According to the Arrhenius theory, what does an acid ionize to give?

  • OH⁻
  • Both H⁺ and OH⁻
  • H⁺ (correct)
  • H₃O⁺

What is the relationship between an acid and its conjugate base according to the Brønsted-Lowry theory?

<p>The conjugate base is the ion remaining after the acid has lost a proton. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of a solution typically expressed in?

<p>Grams per liter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a fluorescence indicator?

<p>To form or lose a characteristic fluorescence at a given pH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of analytical chemistry?

<p>To perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on chemical samples (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common technique used in analytical chemistry?

<p>Thermochemistry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a titration, what is the purpose of the titrant?

<p>It is the solution of known concentration used to react with the sample (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing a qualitative analysis prior to a quantitative analysis?

<p>To select the appropriate analytical method for quantitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of analysis is typically used to determine the mass of a substance?

<p>Gravimetric analysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a normal solution and an empirical solution?

<p>Normal solutions contain an equivalent weight of substance per liter, while empirical solutions are prepared to a specific concentration for a target substance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using an indicator in a titration?

<p>To detect the endpoint of the titration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using the equivalent system for preparing standard solutions in titrimetric analysis?

<p>It allows for simpler calculations at the endpoint. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When would the direct method for preparing standard solutions be used?

<p>When the substance is a primary standard. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the indirect method for preparing standard solutions?

<p>To determine the exact concentration of the solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of empirical solutions?

<p>They are frequently used in industrial analytical laboratories. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of blood plasma?

<p>To transport chemical substances between cells and the external environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common application of pH control mentioned in the text?

<p>Regulating pH in beverages to enhance flavor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a strong acid or base, the pH can be calculated using which of the following expressions?

<p>pH = -log[H+] (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the concentration of a weak acid, HAc, is Ca and its dissociation constant is Ka, what is the expression for the pH?

<p>pH = ½pCa + ½pKa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between pH and pOH for aqueous solutions, according to the text?

<p>pH + pOH = 14 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expression for the pH of a strong base with concentration Cb, according to the text?

<p>pH = 14 - pCb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the concentration of the base (Cb), the equilibrium constant of the base (Kb), and the concentration of hydroxide ions ([OH-]) in a weak base solution?

<p>[OH-]^2 = Cb * Kb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of a salt solution formed from a strong acid and a strong base?

<p>Neutral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of a salt solution formed from a strong acid and a weak base?

<p>pH = 1/2 pKw - 1/2 pKb + 1/2 pCs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of buffer solutions?

<p>To maintain a constant pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism that serves to maintain normal blood pH?

<p>The brain, lungs, and kidneys function together in a complex synergy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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