Analytical Chemistry: Separation and Identification of Substances

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What type of indicator changes its color in acidic and basic solutions?

Colour indicators (correct)
Turbidity indicators
Concentration indicators
Fluorescence indicators

What is the formula used to calculate the equivalent factor (F) in titrations?

F = mol.w / normality * 1000
F = mol.w * normality / 1000 (correct)
F = 1000 / mol.w * normality
F = normality / mol.w * 1000

According to the Arrhenius theory, what does an acid ionize to give?

OH⁻
Both H⁺ and OH⁻
H⁺ (correct)
H₃O⁺

What is the relationship between an acid and its conjugate base according to the Brønsted-Lowry theory?

The conjugate base is the ion remaining after the acid has lost a proton. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of a solution typically expressed in?

Grams per liter (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a fluorescence indicator?

To form or lose a characteristic fluorescence at a given pH. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of analytical chemistry?

To perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on chemical samples (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common technique used in analytical chemistry?

Thermochemistry (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a titration, what is the purpose of the titrant?

It is the solution of known concentration used to react with the sample (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing a qualitative analysis prior to a quantitative analysis?

To select the appropriate analytical method for quantitation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of analysis is typically used to determine the mass of a substance?

Gravimetric analysis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a normal solution and an empirical solution?

Normal solutions contain an equivalent weight of substance per liter, while empirical solutions are prepared to a specific concentration for a target substance. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using an indicator in a titration?

To detect the endpoint of the titration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using the equivalent system for preparing standard solutions in titrimetric analysis?

It allows for simpler calculations at the endpoint. (B) Signup and view all the answers

When would the direct method for preparing standard solutions be used?

When the substance is a primary standard. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the indirect method for preparing standard solutions?

To determine the exact concentration of the solution. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of empirical solutions?

They are frequently used in industrial analytical laboratories. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of blood plasma?

To transport chemical substances between cells and the external environment (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common application of pH control mentioned in the text?

Regulating pH in beverages to enhance flavor (C) Signup and view all the answers

For a strong acid or base, the pH can be calculated using which of the following expressions?

pH = -log[H+] (D) Signup and view all the answers

If the concentration of a weak acid, HAc, is Ca and its dissociation constant is Ka, what is the expression for the pH?

pH = ½pCa + ½pKa (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between pH and pOH for aqueous solutions, according to the text?

pH + pOH = 14 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the expression for the pH of a strong base with concentration Cb, according to the text?

pH = 14 - pCb (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the concentration of the base (Cb), the equilibrium constant of the base (Kb), and the concentration of hydroxide ions ([OH-]) in a weak base solution?

[OH-]^2 = Cb * Kb (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of a salt solution formed from a strong acid and a strong base?

Neutral (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of a salt solution formed from a strong acid and a weak base?

pH = 1/2 pKw - 1/2 pKb + 1/2 pCs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of buffer solutions?

To maintain a constant pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism that serves to maintain normal blood pH?

The brain, lungs, and kidneys function together in a complex synergy (A) Signup and view all the answers