Analog Signals and 4–20 mA Standard Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the 4–20 mA signal commonly used for?

Character error detection

Data compression techniques

Global language coding

Industrial communications standards (correct)

What is impedance in the context of electrical circuits?

The measure of noise immunity

The steady state resistance

The difference in electrical potential

The opposition a conductor offers to a changing current value (correct)

What do standard signals allow manufacturers to do?

Increase resistance in current loops

Limit the use of digital standard signals

Build instruments for a larger group of users (correct)

Restrict compatibility with other vendors

Which digital communication standard is primarily used in process control?

FOUNDATION Fieldbus Signup and view all the answers

What is EBCDIC primarily used for?

Special or graphic characters Signup and view all the answers

What does ASCII use a ninth bit for?

'Odd' parity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of block parity?

Detect errors prior to transmission Signup and view all the answers

Which organization designed one of the first digital communications codes?

'IBM' Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between ASCII and EBCDIC?

'ASCII' uses a ninth bit for parity and 'EBCDIC' uses blank spaces for special characters. Signup and view all the answers

What does the ITA2 Telegraph Code use for efficiency?

Letter frequencies and compression Signup and view all the answers

What are fieldbuses primarily used for?

Process control Signup and view all the answers

What does the international standard for an industrial fieldbus define?

Eight different fieldbuses Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the block parity character in the transmitted block?

To determine if parity was met for all the characters in the block Signup and view all the answers

In which layer of the OSI model is packet data referred to as frames?

Layer 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a CRC character in data transmission?

To detect errors in the transmitted data Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a checksum and a CRC?

A checksum is used for linear code while CRC is used for cyclic code Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an Automatic Retransmission Query (ARQ) in error correction?

To automatically retransmit the portion of the message that was in error Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of forward error correction?

To prevent errors in the transmitted data Signup and view all the answers

Why is parity checking considered less efficient than CRC for error detection?

It does not provide as high efficiency in detecting errors as CRC Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is simplex transmission with regards to error correction?

No error correction is possible in simplex transmission Signup and view all the answers

Which error detection code may be mislabeled as a checksum, but is actually a cyclic code?

CRC-16 Signup and view all the answers

What kind of code divides the text bits with a binary polynomial to create a check character?

Cyclic code Signup and view all the answers

In data communications, what are the three modes of transmission?

Simplex, half-duplex, duplex Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of media used in data communications?

Electrical conductors, light pipes, electromagnetic transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of communication?

To transmit data from the source to the destination Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible topologies for data communications?

One-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many Signup and view all the answers

What is a communications channel composed of?

Hardware configuration or virtual circuit Signup and view all the answers

What are the members of a network likely to have?

Defined relationships with or without ranking Signup and view all the answers

What are the three elements required in any communication?

Sender, receiver, message Signup and view all the answers

What is the organization of data in communication sometimes called?

Data encoding Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of relationships members of a network may have?

Both ranked and no ranked relationships Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of communications circuits?

Virtual and hardware circuits Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a mode of transmission where communication can travel in both directions simultaneously?

Full-duplex Signup and view all the answers

How is a digital signal defined?

With defined discrete states Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for a continuous signal that represents some other time varying quantity?

Analog signal Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a signal that has the approval of the users and/or a standardization agency?

Standard signal Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a mode of transmission where one speaker communicates at a time?

Half-duplex Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a binary digit that can be either '1' or '0'?

'Binary' digit Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)?

To represent text using binary digits Signup and view all the answers

Why is 'unidirectional' considered a more appropriate name for the simplex mode of transmission?

'Unidirectional' is less confusing for readers referencing technical data Signup and view all the answers

What term best describes the way data should be organized to yield information usable to humans?

'Human-readable' organization Signup and view all the answers

What term best describes the feature of a digital signal where it has only two defined states?

'Discrete' feature Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason the ARQ method will not receive an ACK/NAK on a unidirectional circuit?

Unidirectional circuit prevents the transmission of acknowledgments or negative acknowledgments Signup and view all the answers

What is the main requirement for FEC (Forward Error Correction) to be effective?

Analysis of the communication network's error patterns and design of an error-correcting algorithm Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological reason behind the protocol of shaking hands when introduced to someone in the United States?

Humans are effectively half-duplex, so shaking hands allows for non-verbal communication Signup and view all the answers

What does 'baud rate' refer to in the context of data communication?

The line modulation rate, representing the number of signal changes per second on the communication medium Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is characterized by control depending on specific character combinations rather than bit patterns?

Binary Synchronous Communication (Bi-Sync) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes bit-oriented protocols from character-based protocols?

Bit-oriented protocols use framing and specific bit patterns for start and end delimiters Signup and view all the answers

What purpose do start delimiters serve in bit-oriented protocols?

They indicate the start of a new frame of information Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of Bi-Sync protocol's operation?

Its ability to eliminate turnaround time during transmission by using duplex operation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinguishing feature of bit-oriented protocols?

They use specific bit patterns for framing and addressing within the protocol Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of framing in bit-oriented protocols?

It involves start and end delimiters, addressing information, sequence numbering, and user data Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason behind developing Bi-Sync protocol's duplex operation?

To increase transmission speed by eliminating turnaround time during transmission Signup and view all the answers

What has been the focus of this chapter in terms of introducing foundational concepts?

The basics of data communication and networking Signup and view all the answers