Podcast
Questions and Answers
The circuit that provided this mode of operation was originally called ______
The circuit that provided this mode of operation was originally called ______
simplex
Unidirectional” is a more appropriate name for this mode of transmission and using the name for this circuit would be much more ______
Unidirectional” is a more appropriate name for this mode of transmission and using the name for this circuit would be much more ______
descriptive
Half-duplex communication functions much like meaningful human conversation does, that is, one speaker at a time and one ______
Half-duplex communication functions much like meaningful human conversation does, that is, one speaker at a time and one ______
listener
In duplex mode, communication can travel in both directions simultaneously: from A to B and from B to A at the same ______
In duplex mode, communication can travel in both directions simultaneously: from A to B and from B to A at the same ______
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A digital signal is defined as one with defined discrete states; no other state can ______
A digital signal is defined as one with defined discrete states; no other state can ______
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Binary digital signals have only two states: a binary digit is either a “______” or a “0.”
Binary digital signals have only two states: a binary digit is either a “______” or a “0.”
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One of the bit patterns to be organized has to represent ______, for in order for data organization to yield anything usable to humans, it is necessary to store and present information in a human-readable form
One of the bit patterns to be organized has to represent ______, for in order for data organization to yield anything usable to humans, it is necessary to store and present information in a human-readable form
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American Standard Code for Information Interchange is an example of a ______ coding
American Standard Code for Information Interchange is an example of a ______ coding
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A standard signal is one that has the approval of the users and/or a standardization agency; it specifies a way to organize ______
A standard signal is one that has the approval of the users and/or a standardization agency; it specifies a way to organize ______
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An analog signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i.e. ______
An analog signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i.e. ______
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In data communications, there are three modes of transmission: ______, half-duplex, and duplex
In data communications, there are three modes of transmission: ______, half-duplex, and duplex
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A portion of this chapter —the discussion of data organization sometimes called a ______ —is almost a technical history in itself
A portion of this chapter —the discussion of data organization sometimes called a ______ —is almost a technical history in itself
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Data communications topologies are organized as ______, one-to-many, or many-to-many
Data communications topologies are organized as ______, one-to-many, or many-to-many
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In any communication there must be a source and one or more ______
In any communication there must be a source and one or more ______
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The purpose of communication is to transmit data from the source to the ______
The purpose of communication is to transmit data from the source to the ______
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The differences between a “mode” and a “circuit” are rather ______
The differences between a “mode” and a “circuit” are rather ______
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The purpose of communication is to transmit data from the ______ to the destination
The purpose of communication is to transmit data from the ______ to the destination
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In this mode, communication occurs only in one direction —never in the opposite direction; in figure 1-2 it is from Station A to Station ______
In this mode, communication occurs only in one direction —never in the opposite direction; in figure 1-2 it is from Station A to Station ______
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In data communications, the media we use are: electrical conductors , light pipes , and ______ transmission
In data communications, the media we use are: electrical conductors , light pipes , and ______ transmission
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A communications channel may consist of a communications circuit, which can be either a hardware configuration or a “______” circuit
A communications channel may consist of a communications circuit, which can be either a hardware configuration or a “______” circuit
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An 84th character, called the block parity character, was added to the end of the transmitted block to determine if parity was met for all the characters in the block, parity was determined ______ for the Parity row by counting the 1s in the 83 counted columns
An 84th character, called the block parity character, was added to the end of the transmitted block to determine if parity was met for all the characters in the block, parity was determined ______ for the Parity row by counting the 1s in the 83 counted columns
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Error Correction In addition to having bits devoted to assisting with error detection, what means could be used to correct an error, once one was detected. The answer is normally an automatic retransmission query , known as an ______
Error Correction In addition to having bits devoted to assisting with error detection, what means could be used to correct an error, once one was detected. The answer is normally an automatic retransmission query , known as an ______
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Cyclic Redundancy Checks Any time data is placed on a medium , magnetic or optical rotating media, and fiber cable), there is a probability of error; thus, an error detection scheme must be used Most modern devices use a far more efficient scheme of error detection than parity checking Though ASCII was designed for a vertical and horizontal blockchecking code, it can also be used with a ______ scheme that creates a check character
Cyclic Redundancy Checks Any time data is placed on a medium , magnetic or optical rotating media, and fiber cable), there is a probability of error; thus, an error detection scheme must be used Most modern devices use a far more efficient scheme of error detection than parity checking Though ASCII was designed for a vertical and horizontal blockchecking code, it can also be used with a ______ scheme that creates a check character
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Checksum Any of a number of error-detection codes may be called a ______; however, they are actually cyclic codes, whereas a checksum was originally designed as a linear code
Checksum Any of a number of error-detection codes may be called a ______; however, they are actually cyclic codes, whereas a checksum was originally designed as a linear code
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ARQ What hasn’t yet been explained is what happens when an error is detected The following is a simplified discussion of a generalized automatic retransmission query , the ARQ method of error correction Before beginning our discussion, it is important to note the change in terminology as multiple terms are used to refer to the data being transmitted Prior to HDLC, data sent was defined by control characters and was referred to as data ______
ARQ What hasn’t yet been explained is what happens when an error is detected The following is a simplified discussion of a generalized automatic retransmission query , the ARQ method of error correction Before beginning our discussion, it is important to note the change in terminology as multiple terms are used to refer to the data being transmitted Prior to HDLC, data sent was defined by control characters and was referred to as data ______
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Since 1990, the terminology has been changed again ; the Layer 2 octets are called frames and the arrangement of data in Layers 3 and above is referred to as packet data ______
Since 1990, the terminology has been changed again ; the Layer 2 octets are called frames and the arrangement of data in Layers 3 and above is referred to as packet data ______
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Forward Error Correction Although the ARQ method of error correction discussed above detects an error and then retransmits the portion of the message that was in error, what happens when there is ______ transmission
Forward Error Correction Although the ARQ method of error correction discussed above detects an error and then retransmits the portion of the message that was in error, what happens when there is ______ transmission
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The efficiency of a checksum in detecting errors is not as high as with a cyclic code, yet the circuitry to produce the checksum is less ______
The efficiency of a checksum in detecting errors is not as high as with a cyclic code, yet the circuitry to produce the checksum is less ______
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Some of these codes are cyclic, some are linear, some are quasi-cyclic, and some are ______
Some of these codes are cyclic, some are linear, some are quasi-cyclic, and some are ______
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THE FRAME IS RECEIVED Forward Error Correction Although the ARQ method of error correction discussed above detects an error and then retransmits the portion of the message that was in error, what happens when there is ______ transmission
THE FRAME IS RECEIVED Forward Error Correction Although the ARQ method of error correction discussed above detects an error and then retransmits the portion of the message that was in error, what happens when there is ______ transmission
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The ARQ method will not receive an ______ because the circuit is unidirectional
The ARQ method will not receive an ______ because the circuit is unidirectional
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ASYNCHRONOUS generally means that something may occur at any time and its occurrence is not tied to any other ______
ASYNCHRONOUS generally means that something may occur at any time and its occurrence is not tied to any other ______
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BAUD RATE is the line modulation rate; that is, the number of signal changes per second that are placed on the communication medium in a given ______
BAUD RATE is the line modulation rate; that is, the number of signal changes per second that are placed on the communication medium in a given ______
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Character-Based Protocol: The IBM Bi-Sync protocol, one of the first and most widely used of the proprietary protocols, was developed to link the IBM 3270 line of terminals to IBM computers in a ______ manner
Character-Based Protocol: The IBM Bi-Sync protocol, one of the first and most widely used of the proprietary protocols, was developed to link the IBM 3270 line of terminals to IBM computers in a ______ manner
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Bit-oriented protocols use a concept called ______, where there are bit patterns before and after the information frame
Bit-oriented protocols use a concept called ______, where there are bit patterns before and after the information frame
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WE HAVE LOOKED AT TWO PROTOCOLS, ONE CHARACTER-BASED AND ONE BIT-ORIENTED THE BIT-ORIENTED PROTOCOLS DO NOT DEPEND ON THE DATA STREAM CONTENTS; THEY OPERATE INDEPENDENTLY ______ THE DATA
WE HAVE LOOKED AT TWO PROTOCOLS, ONE CHARACTER-BASED AND ONE BIT-ORIENTED THE BIT-ORIENTED PROTOCOLS DO NOT DEPEND ON THE DATA STREAM CONTENTS; THEY OPERATE INDEPENDENTLY ______ THE DATA
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BitOriented Protocol: FIGURE 1-12 ILLUSTRATES 0 INSERTION AND ______
BitOriented Protocol: FIGURE 1-12 ILLUSTRATES 0 INSERTION AND ______
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In this chapter we have reviewed the organization of data, as organized into characters and as organized to detect errors in ______
In this chapter we have reviewed the organization of data, as organized into characters and as organized to detect errors in ______
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The first data transmission code devoted more overhead to the error-detection scheme than to the data ______
The first data transmission code devoted more overhead to the error-detection scheme than to the data ______
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More than anything, this chapter has served to introduce you to the foundational concepts of data communications and how communications are organized into modes of transmission, into character codes, and into ______
More than anything, this chapter has served to introduce you to the foundational concepts of data communications and how communications are organized into modes of transmission, into character codes, and into ______
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In duplex mode, communication can travel in both directions simultaneously: from A to B and from B to A at the same ______
In duplex mode, communication can travel in both directions simultaneously: from A to B and from B to A at the same ______
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Half-duplex communication functions much like meaningful human conversation does, that is, one speaker at a time and one ______
Half-duplex communication functions much like meaningful human conversation does, that is, one speaker at a time and one ______
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An analog signal is a model representing quantities at any value between a specified set of upper and lower limits. The 4–20 mA signal is one of the most commonly used industrial communications standards and it is used in the two-wire current loop that connects devices in an instrument circuit. The reader needs to become familiar with the terms: voltage, current, resistance, impedance, capacitive reactance, and inductive reactance. ______ is the difference in electrical potential that is necessary prior to any work being performed.
An analog signal is a model representing quantities at any value between a specified set of upper and lower limits. The 4–20 mA signal is one of the most commonly used industrial communications standards and it is used in the two-wire current loop that connects devices in an instrument circuit. The reader needs to become familiar with the terms: voltage, current, resistance, impedance, capacitive reactance, and inductive reactance. ______ is the difference in electrical potential that is necessary prior to any work being performed.
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An analog signal is a model representing quantities at any value between a specified set of upper and lower limits. The 4–20 mA signal is one of the most commonly used industrial communications standards and it is used in the two-wire current loop that connects devices in an instrument circuit. The reader needs to become familiar with the terms: voltage, current, resistance, impedance, capacitive reactance, and inductive reactance. Voltage is the difference in electrical potential that is necessary prior to any work being performed.
An analog signal is a model representing quantities at any value between a specified set of upper and lower limits. The 4–20 mA signal is one of the most commonly used industrial communications standards and it is used in the two-wire current loop that connects devices in an instrument circuit. The reader needs to become familiar with the terms: voltage, current, resistance, impedance, capacitive reactance, and inductive reactance. Voltage is the difference in electrical potential that is necessary prior to any work being performed.
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An analog signal is a model representing quantities at any value between a specified set of upper and lower limits. The 4–20 mA signal is one of the most commonly used industrial communications standards and it is used in the two-wire current loop that connects devices in an instrument circuit. The reader needs to become familiar with the terms: voltage, current, resistance, impedance, capacitive reactance, and inductive reactance. Voltage is the difference in electrical potential that is necessary prior to any work being performed.
An analog signal is a model representing quantities at any value between a specified set of upper and lower limits. The 4–20 mA signal is one of the most commonly used industrial communications standards and it is used in the two-wire current loop that connects devices in an instrument circuit. The reader needs to become familiar with the terms: voltage, current, resistance, impedance, capacitive reactance, and inductive reactance. Voltage is the difference in electrical potential that is necessary prior to any work being performed.
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An analog signal is a model representing quantities at any value between a specified set of upper and lower limits. The 4–20 mA signal is one of the most commonly used industrial communications standards and it is used in the two-wire current loop that connects devices in an instrument circuit. The reader needs to become familiar with the terms: voltage, current, resistance, impedance, capacitive reactance, and inductive reactance. Voltage is the difference in electrical potential that is necessary prior to any work being performed.
An analog signal is a model representing quantities at any value between a specified set of upper and lower limits. The 4–20 mA signal is one of the most commonly used industrial communications standards and it is used in the two-wire current loop that connects devices in an instrument circuit. The reader needs to become familiar with the terms: voltage, current, resistance, impedance, capacitive reactance, and inductive reactance. Voltage is the difference in electrical potential that is necessary prior to any work being performed.
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