Analgesics Overview and Usage

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following medications is an antipyretic but does not have anti-inflammatory properties?

Ibuprofen

Indomethacin

Acetaminophen (correct)

Aspirin

What is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity?

N-acetylcysteine (correct)

Sodium bicarbonate

Methionine

Activated charcoal

Which analgesic should be administered with food to minimize gastrointestinal side effects?

Oxycodone

Acetaminophen

Celecoxib

Ibuprofen (correct)

What is a common side effect of long-term NSAID use?

Gastrointestinal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the administration of opioids?

Opioids lower blood pressure and may cause altered mental status. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of ACE inhibitors?

Inhibit angiotensin to lower blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with ACE inhibitors?

Non-productive dry cough Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class primarily functions by blocking β-adrenergic receptors?

Beta Blockers Signup and view all the answers

What effect do calcium channel blockers have on arterial vessels?

Dilate arteries to improve coronary perfusion Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored in patients taking ACE inhibitors?

Blood pressure and potassium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary serious side effects associated with long-term use of NSAIDs?

Gastrointestinal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which medication requires monitoring for respiratory rate before administration?

Oxycodone Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of administering Ketorolac?

Gastrointestinal bleed Signup and view all the answers

What quantity of acetaminophen should not exceed in 24 hours to avoid toxicity?

< 3000 mg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a patient may be at increased risk for acetaminophen toxicity?

Long-term alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

What expected laboratory value is used to monitor patients on Heparin?

APTT Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medication may lead to increased risk of anaphylaxis?

NSAIDs Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct antidote for aspirin toxicity?

Sodium bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Analgesics

Aspirin (ASA):
- Uses: Antipyretic, analgesic, antiplatelet. Enteric coated to prevent GI irritation. 81mg daily for cardiac conditions (not pain or fever), 325mg for acute MI.
- Toxicity: Tinnitus, sweating/fever, headache, dizziness, respiratory distress.
- Antidote: Sodium bicarbonate, activated charcoal.
Acetaminophen (APAP):
- Uses: Antipyretic, analgesic (blocks pain receptors). Lacks anti-inflammatory effects; no effect on bleeding.
- Toxicity (long-term use): Harsh liver side effects. Alcohol use increases liver damage risk.
- Dosage limit: < 3000mg/24 hours.
- Antidote: N-acetylcysteine (NAC/Mucomyst) - PO or IV.
NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Naprosyn, Diclofenac, Indomethacin, Celecoxib, Mobic):
- Uses: Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory (affecting steroid function).
- Monitoring: Monitor kidney function with long-term use.
- Bleeding Risk: Can increase bleeding time; high risk for anaphylaxis.
- Specific Examples:
 - Indomethacin (Indocin): Arthritis/gout treatment, increased GI bleed risk.
 - Ibuprofen: < 3600mg/day; take with food/milk.
- IV/IM NSAID (Ketorolac): Given intravenously; 15 or 30mg every 6 hours (15mg dose does not exceed 60mg/day; a 30mg dose does not exceed 120mg/day). Note: Risk for GI bleed.
- Side effects: Headache, dizziness, nervousness, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, GI disturbance. GI tract protection may be affected. Do not use in patients with GI problems or who are on PPIs.
Opioids (Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Codeine):
- Mechanism: Affect opioid receptors in the brain, blocking CNS receptors.
- Side effects: Reduced heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), and GI effects (constipation); altered mental response.
- Contraindications: Do not give to hypovolemic patients or patients with unstable/low vital signs.
- Precautions: Check allergies to ASA and APAP. Monitor RR.

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Description

This quiz covers key information about various analgesics, including Aspirin, Acetaminophen, and NSAIDs. You'll learn their uses, potential toxicity, antidotes, and important dosage limits. Test your knowledge on how these medications function and their side effects.