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Questions and Answers
What type of pain is typically treated with NSAIDs?
What type of pain is typically treated with NSAIDs?
- Neuropathic pain
- Acute pain
- Inflammatory pain (correct)
- Chronic pain
What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
- They block the action of dopamine
- They activate μ-opioid receptors
- They stimulate the release of endorphins
- They inhibit the production of prostaglandins (correct)
Which medication is contraindicated in asthmatics and those with gastric problems?
Which medication is contraindicated in asthmatics and those with gastric problems?
- Paracetamol
- Codeine
- Ibuprofen (correct)
- Morphine
What type of pain is typically treated with medications like Amitriptyline and Gabapentin?
What type of pain is typically treated with medications like Amitriptyline and Gabapentin?
What is the mechanism of action of Tramadol?
What is the mechanism of action of Tramadol?
Which medication is used to treat period pain?
Which medication is used to treat period pain?
What type of analgesia involves the descending control pathway?
What type of analgesia involves the descending control pathway?
Which of the following medications is a weak μ-opioid receptor agonist?
Which of the following medications is a weak μ-opioid receptor agonist?
Which medications are used to treat neuropathic pain?
Which medications are used to treat neuropathic pain?
Which of the following is not a type of pain treated by NSAIDs?
Which of the following is not a type of pain treated by NSAIDs?
What is the primary site of action for NSAIDs?
What is the primary site of action for NSAIDs?
What is the mechanism of action of medications like ibuprofen and Naproxen?
What is the mechanism of action of medications like ibuprofen and Naproxen?
What type of pain is typically treated with medications like Morphine?
What type of pain is typically treated with medications like Morphine?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Paracetamol and Codeine-based medications?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Paracetamol and Codeine-based medications?
What is the specific use of Mefenamic acid among NSAIDs?
What is the specific use of Mefenamic acid among NSAIDs?
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Study Notes
Analgesic Ladder
- The analgesic ladder mirrors the pain pathway, categorizing pain relief into three stages
Stage 1: NSAIDs
- Target site of injury/painful stimulus, addressing inflammatory pain
- Inhibit production of prostaglandins through Cox inhibitors
- Examples: ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac
- Contraindications: asthmatics, gastric problems
- Specialized NSAIDs: mefenamic acid for period pain (menorrhagia)
Stage 2: Analgesia
- Targets descending control, addressing pain relief
- Examples: Paracetamol, Codeine-based (co-codamol), Tramadol
- Tramadol: very weak μ-opioid receptor agonist
Stage 3: Neuropathic Pain
- Targets spinal (dorsal horn neurons) pain
- Examples: Amitriptyline, gabapentin, Pregabalin
Analgesic Ladder
- The analgesic ladder mirrors the pain pathway, categorizing pain relief into three stages
Stage 1: NSAIDs
- Target site of injury/painful stimulus, addressing inflammatory pain
- Inhibit production of prostaglandins through Cox inhibitors
- Examples: ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac
- Contraindications: asthmatics, gastric problems
- Specialized NSAIDs: mefenamic acid for period pain (menorrhagia)
Stage 2: Analgesia
- Targets descending control, addressing pain relief
- Examples: Paracetamol, Codeine-based (co-codamol), Tramadol
- Tramadol: very weak μ-opioid receptor agonist
Stage 3: Neuropathic Pain
- Targets spinal (dorsal horn neurons) pain
- Examples: Amitriptyline, gabapentin, Pregabalin
Analgesic Ladder
- The analgesic ladder mirrors the pain pathway, categorizing pain relief into three stages
Stage 1: NSAIDs
- Target site of injury/painful stimulus, addressing inflammatory pain
- Inhibit production of prostaglandins through Cox inhibitors
- Examples: ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac
- Contraindications: asthmatics, gastric problems
- Specialized NSAIDs: mefenamic acid for period pain (menorrhagia)
Stage 2: Analgesia
- Targets descending control, addressing pain relief
- Examples: Paracetamol, Codeine-based (co-codamol), Tramadol
- Tramadol: very weak μ-opioid receptor agonist
Stage 3: Neuropathic Pain
- Targets spinal (dorsal horn neurons) pain
- Examples: Amitriptyline, gabapentin, Pregabalin
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