Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the definition of MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration)?
What is the definition of MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration)?
What is the mechanism of action of volatile anaesthetics?
What is the mechanism of action of volatile anaesthetics?
Which of the following anaesthetic agents is metabolized by the kidneys?
Which of the following anaesthetic agents is metabolized by the kidneys?
Which of the following is an advantage of volatile anaesthetics?
Which of the following is an advantage of volatile anaesthetics?
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What is the term for the combination of two or more anaesthetic agents to produce a greater effect?
What is the term for the combination of two or more anaesthetic agents to produce a greater effect?
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What is the primary route of elimination for anaesthetic agents?
What is the primary route of elimination for anaesthetic agents?
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Which of the following is a barbiturate anaesthetic agent?
Which of the following is a barbiturate anaesthetic agent?
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What is the term for the relationship between the dose of anaesthetic agent and the effect on the CNS?
What is the term for the relationship between the dose of anaesthetic agent and the effect on the CNS?
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Which of the following is a dissociative anaesthetic agent?
Which of the following is a dissociative anaesthetic agent?
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What is the term for the distribution of anaesthetic agents to the brain, heart, and other organs?
What is the term for the distribution of anaesthetic agents to the brain, heart, and other organs?
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Study Notes
Anaesthetic Agents
Inhalational Anaesthetics
-
Volatile anaesthetics:
- Desflurane
- Sevoflurane
- Isoflurane
- Enflurane
- Halothane
- Mechanism of action: Act on the CNS, causing amnesia, analgesia, and immobility
- Advantages: Rapid onset and offset, easy to control, minimal cardiovascular effects
Intravenous Anaesthetics
-
Barbiturates:
- Thiopental
- Methohexital
-
Benzodiazepines:
- Midazolam
-
Opioids:
- Fentanyl
- Alfentanil
-
Dissociative anaesthetics:
- Ketamine
- Mechanism of action: Act on the CNS, causing sedation, amnesia, and immobility
- Advantages: Rapid onset, easy to control, can be used for induction and maintenance
Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
- Distribution: Anaesthetic agents distribute to the brain, heart, and other organs
- Metabolism: Anaesthetic agents are metabolized by the liver, except for sevoflurane which is metabolized by the kidneys
- Elimination: Anaesthetic agents are eliminated through exhalation, urine, and faeces
Pharmacodynamics
- Dose-response curve: The relationship between the dose of anaesthetic agent and the effect on the CNS
- MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration): The minimum concentration of anaesthetic agent required to prevent movement in 50% of patients
- ED50 (Effective Dose 50): The dose of anaesthetic agent required to produce a desired effect in 50% of patients
Interactions
- Synergism: The combination of two or more anaesthetic agents to produce a greater effect
- Antagonism: The combination of two or more anaesthetic agents to produce a lesser effect
- Drug-drug interactions: The interaction between anaesthetic agents and other medications, which can affect the efficacy and safety of the anaesthetic
Anaesthetic Agents
Inhalational Anaesthetics
- Volatile anaesthetics include Desflurane, Sevoflurane, Isoflurane, Enflurane, and Halothane
- Act on the CNS to cause amnesia, analgesia, and immobility
- Rapid onset and offset, easy to control, and minimal cardiovascular effects
Intravenous Anaesthetics
- Barbiturates include Thiopental and Methohexital
- Benzodiazepines include Midazolam
- Opioids include Fentanyl and Alfentanil
- Dissociative anaesthetics include Ketamine
- Act on the CNS to cause sedation, amnesia, and immobility
- Rapid onset, easy to control, and can be used for induction and maintenance
Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
- Anaesthetic agents distribute to the brain, heart, and other organs
- Metabolism occurs in the liver, except for Sevoflurane, which is metabolized by the kidneys
- Elimination occurs through exhalation, urine, and faeces
Pharmacodynamics
- Dose-response curve shows the relationship between the dose of anaesthetic agent and the effect on the CNS
- MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration) is the minimum concentration of anaesthetic agent required to prevent movement in 50% of patients
- ED50 (Effective Dose 50) is the dose of anaesthetic agent required to produce a desired effect in 50% of patients
Interactions
- Synergism occurs when two or more anaesthetic agents combine to produce a greater effect
- Antagonism occurs when two or more anaesthetic agents combine to produce a lesser effect
- Drug-drug interactions occur between anaesthetic agents and other medications, affecting efficacy and safety
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Description
This quiz covers different types of anaesthetic agents, including inhalational and intravenous anaesthetics, their mechanism of action, and advantages.
