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Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between local and general anaesthesia?
What is a major risk associated with general anaesthesia?
What is the purpose of selected complementary drug treatments in general anaesthesia?
Which of the following is a way to reduce the risks associated with general anaesthesia?
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What is the role of general anaesthesia in surgical procedures?
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Study Notes
Anaesthesia Overview
- Anaesthesia is used to reduce pain and discomfort during medical procedures
- There are two main types: local and general anaesthesia
Local Anaesthesia
- Numbs a specific area of the body, allowing the patient to remain awake and alert
- Typically used for minor procedures, such as stitches or biopsies
- Examples of local anaesthetics include lidocaine and novocaine
General Anaesthesia
- Affects the entire body, causing the patient to become unconscious and unaware
- Used for more complex and lengthy procedures, such as surgeries
- Can be inhaled (e.g., sevoflurane) or administered through an IV (e.g., propofol)
Risks of General Anaesthesia
- Respiratory problems, such as respiratory depression or bronchospasm
- Cardiovascular issues, including hypotension or arrhythmias
- Allergic reactions or anaphylaxis
- Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)
- Increased risk of infections and nerve damage
- Rarely, awareness during anaesthesia or long-term cognitive impairment
Reducing Risks of General Anaesthesia
- Pre-operative evaluation and optimization of patients' health
- Monitoring of vital signs and oxygen saturation during anaesthesia
- Use of anaesthesia protocols and checklists
- Training and experience of anaesthetists
- Post-operative care and monitoring
Complementary Drug Treatments
- Benzodiazepines (e.g., midazolam) to reduce anxiety and sedation
- Opioids (e.g., fentanyl) for pain management
- Anti-nausea medications (e.g., ondansetron) to reduce PONV
- Beta-blockers (e.g., esmolol) to control heart rate and blood pressure
- Neuromuscular blockers (e.g., rocuronium) to facilitate intubation and ventilation
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Description
Compare and contrast local and general anaesthesia, including their roles, approaches, and risks. Learn how certain drugs can reduce risks associated with general anaesthetics.
