Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the three factors that can cause immobility failure in animal darts?
What are the three factors that can cause immobility failure in animal darts?
- Dart Fracture, Drug Viscosity, Interaction Between Drugs
- Operator Inexperience, Cold Ambient Temperature, Inadequate Dosing
- Operator Error, Dart Blockage, Improper Drug Choice
- Operator Failure, Dart Ignition Failure, Drug Misplacement (correct)
Which adverse effect during immobilization is caused by increased ventilation/perfusion mismatching and hyperventilation?
Which adverse effect during immobilization is caused by increased ventilation/perfusion mismatching and hyperventilation?
- Exertional Myopathy
- Hypothermia
- Respiratory Depression
- Myocardial Ischaemia (correct)
What is the primary technique for euthanasia of large species?
What is the primary technique for euthanasia of large species?
- Opioids (IV or IM)
- Barbiturates (IV)
- Cervical Dislocation
- Permanent Stunning (Electrical) (correct)
Why are sperm whale euthanasia devices not allowed in the UK?
Why are sperm whale euthanasia devices not allowed in the UK?
What is the alternative to euthanasia that is controversial as it may prolong suffering or delay the inevitable?
What is the alternative to euthanasia that is controversial as it may prolong suffering or delay the inevitable?
What can lead to significant differences in administered doses, especially for grey seals during different lactation periods?
What can lead to significant differences in administered doses, especially for grey seals during different lactation periods?
What can cause drug failure in animal darts by increasing drug viscosity, leading to a fractured dart on impact or reduced gas pressure?
What can cause drug failure in animal darts by increasing drug viscosity, leading to a fractured dart on impact or reduced gas pressure?
What is the adverse effect of immobilization caused by intense muscular exertion, increasing the risk of capture myopathy?
What is the adverse effect of immobilization caused by intense muscular exertion, increasing the risk of capture myopathy?
What are the two significant adverse effects during immobilization?
What are the two significant adverse effects during immobilization?
Which method is used for euthanasia of small and large animals through inhaled administration?
Which method is used for euthanasia of small and large animals through inhaled administration?
Which drug is NOT an ultra-potent opioid?
Which drug is NOT an ultra-potent opioid?
What adverse effect is NOT associated with ultra-potent opioids?
What adverse effect is NOT associated with ultra-potent opioids?
Which combination of drugs is NOT used for large animal immobilization?
Which combination of drugs is NOT used for large animal immobilization?
Which drug combination can produce neuroleptanalgesia?
Which drug combination can produce neuroleptanalgesia?
What is the function of Flumazenil and Sarmazenil in relation to potent opioids?
What is the function of Flumazenil and Sarmazenil in relation to potent opioids?
What is a risk factor for operators when administering potent opioids and concentrated alpha-2 agonists?
What is a risk factor for operators when administering potent opioids and concentrated alpha-2 agonists?
What is an essential aspect of the principles of physical restraint?
What is an essential aspect of the principles of physical restraint?
What method is NOT used for direct administration of anaesthesia to wildlife?
What method is NOT used for direct administration of anaesthesia to wildlife?
What feature distinguishes needles used for remote administration?
What feature distinguishes needles used for remote administration?
What is a limitation of using a gas-powered rifle or pistol for darting wildlife?
What is a limitation of using a gas-powered rifle or pistol for darting wildlife?
What is the primary purpose of immobilisation/anaesthesia in veterinary medicine?
What is the primary purpose of immobilisation/anaesthesia in veterinary medicine?
What is the main effect of general anaesthesia on the patient's perception and memory?
What is the main effect of general anaesthesia on the patient's perception and memory?
During which phase does the patient experience the highest respiratory rate?
During which phase does the patient experience the highest respiratory rate?
What is a critical consideration for immobilisation/anesthesia in relation to weather conditions?
What is a critical consideration for immobilisation/anesthesia in relation to weather conditions?
What is a species-specific issue to consider during immobilisation/anesthesia?
What is a species-specific issue to consider during immobilisation/anesthesia?
What is a critical piece of emergency equipment to be prepared for during immobilisation/anesthesia?
What is a critical piece of emergency equipment to be prepared for during immobilisation/anesthesia?
What is a key consideration regarding safety implications when immobilising or anesthetizing animals on moving platforms?
What is a key consideration regarding safety implications when immobilising or anesthetizing animals on moving platforms?
Which property of drugs is considered desirable in terms of practicalities for immobilisation/anesthesia?
Which property of drugs is considered desirable in terms of practicalities for immobilisation/anesthesia?
What type of location is important for considering immobilisation/anesthesia?
What type of location is important for considering immobilisation/anesthesia?
Flashcards
Desirable drug properties
Desirable drug properties
Rapid action, antagonizable effects, predictable dose-response, reliable action, dose-dependency, and minimal adverse effects, especially on cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Ultra-potent opioids
Ultra-potent opioids
Extremely strong opioids, like Etorphine, Carfentanil, and Thiofentanyl, that are much more potent than morphine.
Adverse effects of ultra-potent opioids
Adverse effects of ultra-potent opioids
Serious side effects like respiratory depression, muscle rigidity, decreased physiological response to low oxygen/high carbon dioxide, and blood vessel constriction.
Neuroleptanalgesia
Neuroleptanalgesia
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Opioids in neuroleptanalgesia
Opioids in neuroleptanalgesia
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Sedatives in neuroleptanalgesia
Sedatives in neuroleptanalgesia
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Etophrine/ACP
Etophrine/ACP
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Dissociative anaesthetics
Dissociative anaesthetics
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Full opioid antagonists
Full opioid antagonists
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Partial opioid agonists
Partial opioid agonists
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Operator risk factors (potent opioids/alpha-2 agonists
Operator risk factors (potent opioids/alpha-2 agonists
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Mitigating operator risks
Mitigating operator risks
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Physical restraint principles
Physical restraint principles
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Animal anaesthesia Direct Administration
Animal anaesthesia Direct Administration
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Direct administration methods
Direct administration methods
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Remote administration
Remote administration
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Dart needle design
Dart needle design
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Blowpipe strengths
Blowpipe strengths
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Gas-powered rifle/pistol strengths
Gas-powered rifle/pistol strengths
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Ketamine
Ketamine
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Tiletamine
Tiletamine
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Medetomidine
Medetomidine
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Midazolam
Midazolam
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Study Notes
- Desirable properties of drugs for drug effects include: Rapidly acting, Antagonizable, Predictable dose-effect relationship, Reliable, Dose-dependent, and Minimal adverse effects, especially for cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
- Ultra-potent opioids include Etorphine, Carfentanil, and Thiofentanyl, which are more potent than morphine by 1000x or 10000x.
- Adverse effects of ultra-potent opioids include respiratory depression, muscle rigidity, reduced physiological response to hypoxaemia/hypercapnia, and vasoconstriction (systemic and pulmonary).
- Neuroleptanalgesia is a state of profound sedation and analgesia induced by the simultaneous administration of an opioid and a tranquilizer, providing a synergistic effect and reducing doses and side effects.
- Opioids used for neuroleptanalgesia include Etorphine, Carfentanil, and Thiofentanyl. Sedatives used include Azaperone, Medetomidine, and ACP (phenothiazine).
- Combination drugs for large animal immobilization include Etophrine/ACP.
- Dissociative anaesthetics, such as Ketamine and Tiletamine, can be given in combination with sedatives like Medetomidine and Midazolam to produce neuroleptanalgesia.
- Flumazenil and Sarmazenil are full antagonists used to reverse the effects of potent opioids. Dissociative anaesthetics cannot be antagonized.
- Sequential analgesia using partial agonists Buprenorphine and Diprenorphine can outcompete full mu-agonists and have an antagonist-like effect.
- Risk factors for operators when administering potent opioids and concentrated alpha-2 agonists include concentrated solutions and transmucosal absorption, which can lead to serious adverse effects in humans.
- Mitigating risk factors for operators includes being very careful, having a disaster recovery plan with a full antagonist like naloxone, means of communication, and means of evacuation, and operator training.
- The principles of physical restraint include being safe for people and animals, easy to apply, minimizing duration, and allowing for a rapid return to normal physiology.
- Direct administration of anaesthesia to wildlife is possible when the animal is cooperative and physical restraint is effective.
- Direct administration methods include oral or oral transmucosal drug combinations, hand injection (IM or IV), pole syringe, and remote administration with a drug-containing dart.
- Remote administration uses a drug-containing dart that releases its contents after impact, driven by pressurized gas or an explosive (usually gunpowder).
- Needles used for remote administration have a side port and a sliding silicon part to prevent drug leakage before the needle is inside the patient.
- Strengths and limitations of using a blow pipe include effectiveness over short distances, inexpensiveness, slow dart velocity, minimizing tissue injury, and potential for darts to leak and contaminate the mouthpiece.
- Strengths and limitations of using a gas-powered rifle or pistol include accuracy at moderate distances, increased tissue trauma over short ranges, and potential for significant tissue injury and unacceptable trauma when used indoors or at short ranges due to force and velocity.
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Description
Test your knowledge about anaesthesia and immobilisation, including general anaesthesia, respiratory rate changes, and drug-induced intoxication of the central nervous system. Learn more about the state in which an animal is insensible to pain resulting from trauma or surgery.
