Anaerobic Bacteria and Clostridium spp.
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Questions and Answers

Which disease is associated with the presence of Rickettsiae and is transmitted by lice?

  • Scrub typhus
  • Rickettsialpox
  • Trench Fever
  • Epidemic typhus (correct)

    • Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by Rickettsial infections?

  • Endemic typhus
  • Malaria (correct)
  • Brill-Zinsser disease
  • Trench Fever

    • What is the incubation period for Scrub typhus?

  • 2-10 days (correct)
  • 1-3 days
  • 10-21 days
  • 7-14 days

    • Which of the following diseases is characterized by both a positive and negative reaction for Rickettsiae?

    <p>Brill-Zinsser disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vector is primarily responsible for the transmission of Endemic typhus?

    <p>Fleas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diseases are associated with C. trachomatis?

    <p>Trachoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inclusions are present in C. trachomatis?

    <p>Glycogen-containing inclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stains is used for C. trachomatis identification?

    <p>Lugol’s Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about C. psittaci is true?

    <p>It has a round elementary body morphology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of serovars for C. trachomatis?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these microorganisms is known to be resistant to sulfonamides?

    <p>C. pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic differentiates C. pneumoniae from C. trachomatis?

    <p>It does not contain glycogen inclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the elementary body morphology of C. pneumoniae?

    <p>Pear-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is primarily treated with Botox related to Clostridium botulinum?

    <p>Strabismus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial factor in the success of anaerobic cultures?

    <p>Transport of the specimen under anaerobic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen type is considered unacceptable for anaerobic bacteria collection?

    <p>Sputum from expectoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infant botulism is primarily caused by what means?

    <p>Ingesting the organism from honey or breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a preventive measure against foodborne botulism?

    <p>Cooking canned goods properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with botulism?

    <p>High fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Refrigeration of specimens can have what negative effect on anaerobic bacteria?

    <p>Results in oxidative damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of botulism?

    <p>Coughing fits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of growth is associated with septicum on plated media?

    <p>Smooth swarming growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which culture medium is primarily used for the detection of Clostridium difficile toxin Type B?

    <p>Cell Culture Cytotoxicity Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic indicates a positive Reverse CAMP Test confirming the presence of C. perfringens?

    <p>Reverse Arrowhead formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is considered the definitive identification test for Clostridium botulinum?

    <p>Mouse Neutralization Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Cooked Meat Broth in microbiological studies?

    <p>To grow anaerobic organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which non-selective culture medium is typically used for Gas-Liquid Chromatography?

    <p>Peptone-Yeast Extract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common mistake is made regarding Clostridium tertium's classification?

    <p>It is often labeled as a facultative anaerobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visual indicator of lecithinase reaction produced by C. perfringens on EYA plate?

    <p>Yellowish-Egg color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic red lesion associated with the first stage of Lyme disease called?

    <p>Erythema Migrans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a known symptom of the first stage of Lyme disease?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the relapsing nature of infections caused by Borrelia?

    <p>High mutation rate affecting antigenicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environment can Leptospira spp. survive in?

    <p>Neutral or slightly alkaline waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animal is preferred for the cultivation of Leptospira spp.?

    <p>Guinea Pigs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscopy method is effective for observing Leptospira spp.?

    <p>Dark-Field Microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific appearance characterizes the Erythema Migrans lesion?

    <p>Red, ring-shaped with central clearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant virulence factor of Leptospira spp.?

    <p>Hemolysin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary metabolic capability of Ureaplasma urealyticum?

    <p>Urea metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is commonly associated with Ureaplasma urealyticum in men?

    <p>Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of colonies does Mycoplasma pneumoniae form on culture medium?

    <p>Fried egg colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which culture medium component is commonly used for Mycoplasma species?

    <p>Beef/Soybean Protein with serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what pH range do Ureaplasma species prefer to grow?

    <p>5.5-6.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glucose (dextrose) in the culture media for mycoplasmas?

    <p>It serves as an energy source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mycoplasma species is most frequently linked to conditions like cervicitis and endometriosis?

    <p>Mycoplasma genitalium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mycoplasma species is NOT linked with respiratory diseases when isolated from tracheal aspirates of infants?

    <p>Mycoplasma genitalium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anaerobic Bacteria

    • Indicators of anaerobic bacteria include foul odor upon opening an anaerobic jar, presence of sulfur granules, and brick-red fluorescence.

    Clostridium spp.

    • Clostridium spp. are obligate anaerobes, gram-positive, spore-forming rods commonly found in exogenous infections.
    • Clostridium perfringens is the most pathogenic species among Clostridia. It contains endospores, capsule, and double hemolytic reaction.
    • Clostridium spp. possess virulence factors such as collagenase, hyaluronidase, lecithinase, and phospholipase.
    • These virulence factors contribute to the spreading factor, cell destruction, and necrotizing infections.
    • Clostridium septicum is a marker for malignancy in gastrointestinal tract. Clostridium sordelii is the only urease-positive Clostridium.

    Clinical Infections of C. perfringens

    • Gas gangrene/myonecrosis is a life-threatening condition causing muscle tissue destruction.
    • Food poisoning/enteritis necroticans involves toxin ingestion from contaminated foods like vegetables and meat.
    • Symptoms include foul stool and abdominal cramps.

    Clostridium tetani

    • Spore-forming bacilli in hospital, soil dust, feces.
    • Tetanospasmin (neurotoxin) causes muscle stiffness. Symptoms include "lockjaw," distorted grin," and muscle spasms (tetanic triad).

    Clostridium botulinum

    • Subterminal spores found in soil and aquatic sediments.
    • Botulinum toxin causes food poisoning; often contaminated, preserved, or poorly cooked foods.
    • Toxin attacks the nervous system; symptoms include blurred vision, speech difficulty, weakness, and paralysis.
    • These infections are often complicated by antibiotic use and treatment for various infections, including urinary tract infections and soft tissue infections.

    Indicators of Anaerobic Bacteria

    • Foul odor from anaerobic jar
    • Sulfur granules, characteristic of certain species
    • Brick-red fluorescence from specific species

    Clostridioides difficile

    • Most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis.
    • Produce Glutamate Dehydrogenase, for toxin determination.
    • Associated virulence factors include Enterotoxin A and Cytotoxin B.

    Other Species of Anaerobic Bacteria

    • Bacteroides fragilis, frequently found in blood cultures and a major cause of intra-abdominal abscesses
    • Actinomyces israelii is the most common cause of actinomycosis, a chronic and granulomatous infectious disease characterized by the formation of sinus tracts and abscesses.
    • Cutibacterium acnes is common in the skin and often a cause of infections after surgical procedures.
    • Mobiluncus spp. are part of bacterial vaginosis.
    • Prevotella melanogenica is frequently isolated from gingival and periapical tooth infections, breasts, axillary, perianal, and male genital infections.
    • Porphyromonas is commonly isolated in intra-abdominal infections.
    • Fusobacterium is frequent in various infections

    Treatment of Anaerobic Infections

    • Treatment often involves surgical drainage combined with antimicrobial therapy.
    • Beta-lactamase-producing anaerobes may require beta-lactams and beta-lactamase inhibitors.

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    MICR 111 Lesson 15: Anaerobic Bacteria PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the key concepts related to anaerobic bacteria, specifically focusing on Clostridium species. You will learn about their characteristics, virulence factors, and clinical infections they cause, such as gas gangrene. Test your knowledge on this vital topic in microbiology.

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