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Questions and Answers
During a Wingate test, what physiological mechanism primarily explains the decline in power output from the initial 5 seconds to the final 5 seconds?
During a Wingate test, what physiological mechanism primarily explains the decline in power output from the initial 5 seconds to the final 5 seconds?
- Progressive recruitment of Type I muscle fibers, which are more fatigue-resistant but produce less power.
- Enhanced oxygen delivery to working muscles, leading to a shift towards aerobic metabolism.
- Increased reliance on the ATP-PC system due to its greater efficiency at higher power outputs.
- Accumulation of metabolic by-products such as inorganic phosphate and ADP, impairing muscle contractility. (correct)
How does the Margaria-Kalamen stair test specifically assess the immediate power contribution from the ATP-PC system?
How does the Margaria-Kalamen stair test specifically assess the immediate power contribution from the ATP-PC system?
- By quantifying the rate of phosphocreatine depletion in the muscles, using advanced imaging techniques.
- By calculating the lactate accumulation in the blood post-exercise, indicating the extent of anaerobic glycolysis.
- By measuring oxygen consumption during the sprint, reflecting the aerobic energy contribution.
- By assessing the vertical power output during a short, maximal sprint, relying on readily available ATP and phosphocreatine. (correct)
Why is calculating 'relative peak power' (peak power / body weight) important when comparing Wingate test results between individuals?
Why is calculating 'relative peak power' (peak power / body weight) important when comparing Wingate test results between individuals?
- It normalizes for differences in body composition, isolating muscular power independent of fat mass.
- It corrects for errors in the absolute peak power measurement due to equipment calibration issues.
- It accounts for variations in body size, allowing for a more equitable comparison of anaerobic power capabilities. (correct)
- It predicts an individual's potential for improvement in aerobic endurance performance.
In the context of the Wingate test, how does anaerobic fatigue relate to the interplay between PC utilization and glycolysis?
In the context of the Wingate test, how does anaerobic fatigue relate to the interplay between PC utilization and glycolysis?
If an athlete exhibits a high absolute peak power but a low relative peak power during a Wingate test, what might this suggest about the athlete's physiological profile?
If an athlete exhibits a high absolute peak power but a low relative peak power during a Wingate test, what might this suggest about the athlete's physiological profile?
During the Margaria-Kalamen stair test, why is it important to measure the vertical distance between specific steps (3rd to 9th for males, 2nd to 8th for females) rather than the total stair height?
During the Margaria-Kalamen stair test, why is it important to measure the vertical distance between specific steps (3rd to 9th for males, 2nd to 8th for females) rather than the total stair height?
What is the limitation of using a constant resistance based solely on body weight for all participants during the Wingate test?
What is the limitation of using a constant resistance based solely on body weight for all participants during the Wingate test?
How would the Wingate test results (peak power, mean power, fatigue index) likely differ between a highly trained sprint cyclist and a sedentary individual?
How would the Wingate test results (peak power, mean power, fatigue index) likely differ between a highly trained sprint cyclist and a sedentary individual?
Which of the following represents the most critical consideration when interpreting the percentile rankings from the Wingate test norms?
Which of the following represents the most critical consideration when interpreting the percentile rankings from the Wingate test norms?
When calculating power in the Margaria-Kalamen test, why is it essential to use the vertical distance rather than the total (diagonal) distance covered on the stairs?
When calculating power in the Margaria-Kalamen test, why is it essential to use the vertical distance rather than the total (diagonal) distance covered on the stairs?
What would be the consequence of a poorly calibrated ergometer on Wingate test results, and how could this be identified?
What would be the consequence of a poorly calibrated ergometer on Wingate test results, and how could this be identified?
In a repeated Wingate test protocol, under what condition might an increased fatigue index from the first to the second test be observed, and what could this indicate?
In a repeated Wingate test protocol, under what condition might an increased fatigue index from the first to the second test be observed, and what could this indicate?
How does the pacing strategy—or lack thereof—impact the assessment of anaerobic power and capacity in both the Wingate and Margaria-Kalamen tests?
How does the pacing strategy—or lack thereof—impact the assessment of anaerobic power and capacity in both the Wingate and Margaria-Kalamen tests?
Why is it important to control environmental factors (temperature, humidity) when conducting anaerobic power tests, particularly the Wingate test?
Why is it important to control environmental factors (temperature, humidity) when conducting anaerobic power tests, particularly the Wingate test?
Given two athletes with similar Wingate test mean power outputs, what other metric from the Wingate test would provide insight into which athlete likely possesses superior sustained anaerobic performance capabilities?
Given two athletes with similar Wingate test mean power outputs, what other metric from the Wingate test would provide insight into which athlete likely possesses superior sustained anaerobic performance capabilities?
Flashcards
Anaerobic Energy
Anaerobic Energy
Energy for short, high-intensity exercise (5-60 seconds) primarily uses anaerobic energy systems.
ATP-PC System
ATP-PC System
System providing energy for activities under 15 seconds.
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Anaerobic Glycolysis
System providing energy for high-intensity activity lasting 15 seconds to 2 minutes.
Anaerobic Power
Anaerobic Power
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Anaerobic Power Tests
Anaerobic Power Tests
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Margaria-Kalamen Stair Test
Margaria-Kalamen Stair Test
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Wingate Bike Test
Wingate Bike Test
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Peak Power Output
Peak Power Output
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Average Power Output
Average Power Output
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Anaerobic Capacity
Anaerobic Capacity
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Anaerobic Fatigue
Anaerobic Fatigue
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Absolute Peak Power Calculation
Absolute Peak Power Calculation
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Relative Peak Power
Relative Peak Power
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Absolute Mean Power Calculation
Absolute Mean Power Calculation
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Percent fatigue
Percent fatigue
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Study Notes
- Short-term, high-intensity exercise relies on anaerobic energy systems.
- Activities under 15 seconds use the ATP-PC system.
- Activities lasting 15 seconds to 2 minutes use anaerobic glycolysis.
- The shift from the ATP-PC system to glycolysis increases with exercise duration.
- Anaerobic power occurs without oxygen in muscles, but can't last long.
- Tests measuring work per time unit evaluate anaerobic energy systems.
- The Margaria-Kalamen stair test and Wingate Bike test are types of power tests.
- The Margaria-Kalamen stair test measures immediate power (ATP-PC system) by sprinting up stairs.
- The work equals the body's total vertical distance traveled up the stairs.
- Power output is calculated from the speed of running up the stairs of known height.
- The Wingate bike test measures peak anaerobic power, fatigue, and capacity.
- The Wingate bike test involves 30 seconds of maximal exercise based on body weight.
- Peak power is the highest power generated during any 5-second interval.
- Average power is the total power generated during the 30-second test.
- Anaerobic capacity is the total work completed in 30 seconds.
- Anaerobic fatigue is the maximal capacity for ATP production via PC utilization and Glycolysis
- Purpose to measure anaerobic power output using the Wingate Bike Test and the Margaria-Kalamen power stair test.
Wingate Bike Test Equipment:
- Bicycle ergometer (and weights)
- Weigh Scale
- Stopwatch
Margaria-Kalamen Test Equipment:
- Stopwatch
- Tape measure
- Minimum 8 to 9 steps (about 17.5 cm high each)
- Starting line in front of the first step
- The 3rd, 6th, and 9th steps brightly colored for males
- The 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th steps labelled for females
Wingate Bike Test Method:
- Students work in groups of 5, where one student performs.
Roles in each group include the following:
- Subject
- Dropping the weights
- Timing (30 seconds)
- Count pedal revolutions
- Record pedal revolutions
- Weigh the subject to the nearest 0.1 kg and record the value
- Set up subject on the stationary cycle ergometer
- The subject warms up on the bike for 3 minutes at 1.0 kg at 50 rpm.
- The subject rests for 2 to 3 minutes.
- Calculate the workload (flywheel resistance in kg) using:
- Females: WL = 0.075 x body weight (kg)
- Males: WL = 0.083 x body weight (kg)
- Instruct the subject to pedal at a moderate pace and give a "start" signal with pre-determined fixed resistance (force).
- The subject must pedal fast for 30 seconds starting at the moment of weight dropping
- Record the number of pedal revolutions for each 5-second interval.
- After the 30 seconds of cycling, remove weights and allow the subject to cycle slowly for 5 minutes (active recovery).
Wingate Bike Test Calculations:
- Workload Calculations:
- Females: WL = 0.075 x body weight (kg)
- Males: WL = 0.083 x body weight (kg)
- Peak Power Formula
- Absolute Peak Power = [force (kg) x (highest # of pedal revolutions in 5 seconds x 6m)] / 0.0833 min
- Power (Watts) = (kg-m/min) / 6.12
- Relative Peak Power
- Relative Peak Power = absolute peak power (W) / body weight (kg)
- Absolute Mean Power Formula
- Absolute Mean Power = [force x (# of pedal revolutions in 30 seconds x 6 m)] / 0.5 minutes Watts = (kg-m/min) / 6.12
- Lowest Absolute Power
- Lowest Absolute Power = [force x (lowest # of pedal revolutions in 5 seconds x 6 m)] / 0.0833 min Watts= (kg-m/min) / 6.12
- Percent Fatigue
- % fatigue = [(5 sec peak power – 30 sec lowest power ) / 5 sec peak power ] x 100
Margaria-Kalamen Stair Test Method
- Weigh the subject and record their body weight to the nearest 0.1 kg.
- Measure the height of one stair.
- Calculate and record the vertical distance between the 3rd and 9th step (males) and 2nd and 8th step (females).
- Subject warms up with 2-3 practice runs.
- The subject stands ready and on command sprints up the stairs taking three stairs at a time for males (3rd, 6th, 9th) and two stairs at a time for females (2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th).
- Record the time from the 3rd to the 9th step (males) or the 2nd to the 8th step (females) using a stopwatch.
- The stopwatch starts with foot contact on the 3rd stair (males) or 2nd stair (females) and stops with foot contact on the 9th stair (males) or 8th stair (females).
- Repeat the test 2 more times with a 2-3 minute recovery between each test. Record the best time.
- Calculate the power using the equation below.
Margaria-Kalamen Stair Test Calculation:
- P = (M x D) x (9.8/t)
- P = Power (Watts)
- M = Body weight of subject (kg)
- D = Vertical distance in meters between the 3rd and 9th step for males and the 2nd and 8th step for females
- t = Time to go from the 3rd and 9th step in seconds for males, 2nd and 8th step for females
- 9.8 is the normal acceleration due to gravity in m/s²
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