Amsco AP US History Chapter 20

Questions and Answers

Who was responsible for purchasing the Alaskan Territory from Russia?

Richard Olney

William Seward (correct)

Josiah Strong

Napoleon III

What did Napoleon III do after the U.S. threatened to use force in Mexico?

Withdrew troops from Mexico

How much did the U.S. pay for Alaska?

$7.2 million

What does 'New Imperialism' refer to?

Late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century wave of conquests Signup and view all the answers

What did the term 'international Darwinism' imply?

Survival of the fittest in the international arena Signup and view all the answers

Who was Josiah Strong?

A popular minister who promoted spreading liberty and Christianity Signup and view all the answers

What did Alfred Thayer Mahan advocate for?

Strengthening U.S. naval power Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Pan American Conference?

To encourage cooperation among American nations Signup and view all the answers

What did James Blaine argue for?

Rallying Latin American nations behind the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

What was Richard Olney authorized to do regarding Venezuela?

Deliver a message to London about the Monroe Doctrine Signup and view all the answers

What did the jingoism refer to?

Extreme patriotism and aggressive foreign policy Signup and view all the answers

Who was Valeriano Weyler?

Spanish general known for brutal tactics in Cuba Signup and view all the answers

What is yellow journalism?

Exaggerated reporting to attract readers Signup and view all the answers

What was the main conflict in the Spanish American War?

Support of Cuban independence Signup and view all the answers

What did the De Lome Letter criticize?

President McKinley Signup and view all the answers

What caused the explosion of the USS Maine?

It exploded under mysterious circumstances Signup and view all the answers

What did the Teller Amendment promise?

The U.S. would not annex Cuba Signup and view all the answers

Who was George Dewey?

U.S. naval officer known for victory at Manila Bay Signup and view all the answers

What did the Rough Riders do?

Fought in the Spanish American War under Teddy Roosevelt Signup and view all the answers

What was the issue surrounding Philippine annexation?

Divided opinions between imperialists and anti-imperialists Signup and view all the answers

Who was Emilio Aguinaldo?

Leader of the Filipino independence movement Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Hawaii in 1900?

It became a U.S. territory Signup and view all the answers

What did the Anti-Imperialist League advocate?

Isolationism Signup and view all the answers

What did the Insular Cases determine?

Rights of U.S. territories' inhabitants Signup and view all the answers

What was the Platt Amendment?

Legislation restricting Cuba's sovereignty Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Hay?

Secretary of State known for open-door policy Signup and view all the answers

What are spheres of influence?

Regions with political and economic control by foreign nations Signup and view all the answers

What was the Open Door Policy?

Favoring open trade with China Signup and view all the answers

What is xenophobia?

Fear or hatred of foreigners Signup and view all the answers

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

Uprising in China against foreign influence Signup and view all the answers

What was Theodore Roosevelt's big stick policy?

Encouraging peaceful resolutions but using force if necessary Signup and view all the answers

What did the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty allow?

The U.S. to build and fortify a Central American canal Signup and view all the answers

What was the Panama Canal?

Shipping canal built across Panama Signup and view all the answers

Who was George Goethals?

Army engineer overseeing Panama Canal completion Signup and view all the answers

Who helped eradicate Yellow Fever in Panama?

William Gorgas Signup and view all the answers

What are the ABC Powers?

South American countries mediating U.S. and Mexico dispute Signup and view all the answers

Who was Pancho Villa?

Mexican revolutionary leader Signup and view all the answers

What did the Tampico incident involve?

Arrest of American sailors by Mexico Signup and view all the answers

What was Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom?

Domestic policy for antitrust and banking reform Signup and view all the answers

What was moral diplomacy?

Condemning imperialism and promoting democracy Signup and view all the answers

What was the Jones Act?

Law granting territorial status to the Philippines Signup and view all the answers

Who was Victoriano Huerta?

Mexican military officer and dictator Signup and view all the answers

What did Wilson do after the Tampico incident?

Sent the navy to seize Vera Cruz Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the expeditionary force?

To capture Pancho Villa Signup and view all the answers

Who was John J. Pershing?

American General pursuing Pancho Villa Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Figures in U.S. Expansion

William Seward: Secretary of State who purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million, enhancing U.S. territory.
Napoleon III: French Emperor who withdrew troops from Mexico due to U.S. military threats.
James G. Blaine: Advocated for U.S. leadership in Latin America and organized the Pan-American Conference.
Richard Olney: As Secretary of State, he asserted the Monroe Doctrine in the Venezuela boundary dispute.
Valeriano Weyler: Spanish General known for his brutal tactics in Cuba, earning the nickname "Butcher".

Key Events and Policies

Alaska Purchase: Also known as "Seward's Folly", a strategic acquisition that expanded the U.S. West.
Spanish-American War (1898): Conflict driven by U.S. support for Cuban independence and fueled by yellow journalism.
De Lome Letter: A leaked Spanish ambassador's letter that criticized President McKinley and inflamed public sentiment for war.
Maine Explosion: The sinking of a U.S. battleship in Havana Harbor that sparked calls for war against Spain.
Teller Amendment: Legislation ensuring the U.S. would not annex Cuba post-war.

U.S. Imperialism and Foreign Relations

New Imperialism: Describes the late 19th and early 20th-century wave of colonial expansion by Western powers, including the U.S.
International Darwinism: The idea that nations must compete for resources and territories to demonstrate strength.
Jingoism: An extreme nationalist sentiment pushing for aggressive military policies.
Anti-Imperialist League: An organization opposing U.S. expansion and imperialism.

U.S. Policies and Agreements

Open Door Policy: Promoted equitable trade in China, ensuring no single nation monopolized Chinese markets.
Big Stick Policy: Roosevelt's diplomatic approach of negotiating peacefully while leveraging military power if necessary.
Dollar Diplomacy: Taft's strategy of using economic power to influence foreign affairs, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Key Conflicts and Military Actions

Boxer Rebellion: Anti-foreign uprising in China that the U.S. intervened in to protect its interests.
Panama Canal: Constructed from 1904-1914 to facilitate maritime trade between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Mexican Civil War: Wilson refused to support Huerta's dictatorship, resulting in increased tensions with Mexico, including the Tampico incident.
Pancho Villa Expedition: U.S. military pursuit of the revolutionary leader Villa, highlighting tensions in U.S.-Mexico relations.

Legislative and Political Developments

Platt Amendment: Restricted Cuban sovereignty and allowed U.S. intervention in Cuban affairs.
Jones Act: Established a path to independence for the Philippines once a stable government was achieved.
Gentlemen's Agreement: An accord between the U.S. and Japan to limit Japanese immigration in exchange for the repeal of discriminatory laws.

Important Treaties and Conferences

Treaty of Portsmouth: Ended the Russo-Japanese War; Roosevelt's mediation earned him a Nobel Peace Prize.
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty: Granted the U.S. rights to construct and control a Central American canal without British involvement.
Root-Takahira Agreement: Established mutual respect for territories in the Pacific and support for the Open Door policy.

Notable Policies and Their Impact

Moral Diplomacy: Wilson's approach that emphasized human rights and democracy over military intervention.
Lodge Corollary: Expanded the Monroe Doctrine to exclude non-European powers from the Western Hemisphere.

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Test your knowledge on key concepts and figures from Chapter 20 of Amsco AP US History. This quiz includes important terms like the Alaska Purchase and notable individuals such as William Seward and Napoleon III. Prepare to enhance your understanding of American history and its expansionist policies.