42 Questions
What is the size of the kyste in micrometers?
10-15
What is the route of transmission of the parasite?
fecal-oral transmission through contaminated food and water
What is the result of the trophozoite invading the colonic mucosa?
ulceration of the colonic mucosa
What is the diagnostic procedure used to collect specimens for parasitological examination?
rectoscopy
What is the characteristic feature of the kyste?
thick wall
What is the most common extra-intestinal complication of amebiasis?
amebic liver abscess
What is the characteristic symptom of amebiasis?
abdominal pain
What is the type of trophozoite that invades the colonic mucosa?
hematophagous
What is the purpose of the rectal toucher in the diagnosis of amebiasis?
to collect mucus and blood
What is the laboratory test used to diagnose amebiasis?
direct microscopic examination
What is the estimated global prevalence of amoebose?
1 in 20
What is the primary cause of amoebose?
Entamoeba histolytica
What is the taxonomic classification of Entamoeba histolytica?
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Sarcomastigophora
What is the primary difference between amoebose infestation and amoebose disease?
The presence of symptoms
What is the ranking of amoebose as a cause of parasitic morbidity worldwide?
3rd
What is the classification of the extra-intestinal form of amoebose?
Medical emergency
What is the primary goal of the course on amoebose?
To define and describe the different aspects of amoebose
What is the term for the state in which the human body harbors Entamoeba histolytica with or without clinical manifestations?
Amoebose
What is the size of the nucleus of E.histolytica in micrometers?
8 to 10
What is the characteristic of the chromatin in E.histolytica?
Rarely visible
What is the shape of the pseudopodes in Iodamonas butschlii?
In balls
What is the size of the kyste of Endolimax nana?
8 to 10
What is the characteristic of the cytoplasm of E.histolytica?
Clear
What is the purpose of detecting coproantigens in stool samples?
To differentiate between E.histolytica and E.dispar
What is the shape of the caryosome in E.histolytica?
Irregular
What is the size of the vacuole in Dientamoeba fragilis?
Large
What is the primary purpose of the serology exam in the diagnosis of amoebiasis?
To detect the presence of antibodies
What is the main advantage of PCR techniques in the diagnosis of amoebiasis?
They are highly specific and sensitive
What is the purpose of the rectosigmoïdoscopie in the diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis?
To visualize the lesions of the rectal mucosa
What is the characteristic appearance of the lesions in the anatomopathological diagnosis of amoebiasis?
Lesions with a 'button-like' shape in the submucosa
What is the purpose of the ELISA test in the diagnosis of amoebiasis?
To detect the presence of antibodies
What is the treatment approach for amoebiasis?
Administration of amoebicides that target the pathogenic forms of the parasite
What is the characteristic appearance of the image on echography in the diagnosis of extra-intestinal amoebiasis?
Hypo or anechoic image
What is the purpose of the immunoelectrophoresis test in the diagnosis of amoebiasis?
To confirm the diagnosis of amoebiasis
What is the name of the disease caused by the protozoan histolytica?
Amoebiasis
What is the recommended treatment for intestinal amoebiasis in adults?
Metronidazole 1.5g-2g/j for 10 days
What is the complication of amoebiasis that forms in the liver?
Abscess
What is the recommended method to prevent the spread of amoebiasis?
Proper disposal of human waste
What is the name of the medication used to treat amoebiasis?
Metronidazole
What is the recommended method to diagnose amoebiasis?
Stool test
What is the recommended method to prevent individual cases of amoebiasis?
Washing hands with soap
What is the complication of amoebiasis that forms in the lungs?
Abscess
Study Notes
Introduction to Amoebiasis
- Amoebiasis, also known as amoebiasis, is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica.
- It is the 3rd leading cause of parasitic morbidity worldwide, with a global prevalence of 1-20%.
- Amoebiasis can manifest as an asymptomatic infection or as a symptomatic disease, with intestinal and extra-intestinal forms.
Epidemiology
- Entamoeba histolytica is the pathogenic agent, belonging to the kingdom Animalia, phylum Sarcomastigophora, class Rhizopodea, order Amoebida, and family Entamoebidae.
- The parasite has a worldwide distribution, with a higher prevalence in tropical regions due to poor hygiene and sanitation.
- The parasite is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, contaminated food and water, and mechanically by flies.
- Factors favoring transmission include poor hygiene, poverty, lack of access to clean water, and certain occupations (e.g., food handlers).
Physiopathology
- The parasite adheres to the intestinal mucosa, penetrates, and causes damage to the epithelial cells, leading to the formation of ulcers and the release of toxins.
- The parasites can also invade the bloodstream and reach other organs, such as the liver and lungs.
Clinical Manifestations
- Intestinal amoebiasis: symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss; may lead to complications such as perforation, abscesses, and intestinal obstruction.
- Extra-intestinal amoebiasis: can affect the liver, lungs, and other organs, leading to complications such as liver abscesses and respiratory failure.
Diagnosis
- Stool examination: direct microscopy, PCR, and antigen detection are used to diagnose intestinal amoebiasis.
- Immunological tests: serology and ELISA are used to diagnose extra-intestinal amoebiasis.
- Imaging studies: radiography, ultrasound, and CT scans are used to diagnose liver abscesses and other complications.
Treatment and Prevention
- Amoebicides (e.g., metronidazole, tinidazole) are used to treat intestinal and extra-intestinal amoebiasis.
- Prevention measures include:
- Personal hygiene (handwashing, nail care)
- Food and water safety (boiling, proper storage)
- Environmental sanitation (proper waste disposal, latrine construction)
- Health education and awareness
A comprehensive course on amoebiasis, covering introduction, epidemiology, physiopathology, clinical signs, diagnostic biology, treatment, and prevention. Learn about the different morphological forms of Entamoeba histolytica and the biological cycle of amoeba.
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