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Questions and Answers
How does an ameba move?
How does an ameba move?
The ameba has an unusual way of creeping along by stretching its cytoplasm into fingerlike extensions.
What structure contains the ameba's DNA?
What structure contains the ameba's DNA?
The nucleus contains the ameba's DNA.
When an ameba engulfs a particle of food a ______________________ is formed.
When an ameba engulfs a particle of food a ______________________ is formed.
Food Vacuole
How does an ameba reproduce?
How does an ameba reproduce?
During unfavorable conditions, an ameba forms a?
During unfavorable conditions, an ameba forms a?
Fingerlike extensions of the ameba's cytoplasm are called _______________________
Fingerlike extensions of the ameba's cytoplasm are called _______________________
What disease is caused by the ameba?
What disease is caused by the ameba?
To what Kingdom does the ameba belong?
To what Kingdom does the ameba belong?
How are protozoans classified?
How are protozoans classified?
The word 'ameba' means ___________________________________
The word 'ameba' means ___________________________________
The process of engulfing food particles is called __________________________________
The process of engulfing food particles is called __________________________________
Is an ameba considered a plant-like protist or an animal-like protist?
Is an ameba considered a plant-like protist or an animal-like protist?
Are euglena unicellular or multicellular?
Are euglena unicellular or multicellular?
What Kingdom do euglena belong to?
What Kingdom do euglena belong to?
What Phylum do euglena belong to?
What Phylum do euglena belong to?
What organelle carries out photosynthesis?
What organelle carries out photosynthesis?
Is the flagella located at the anterior or posterior end?
Is the flagella located at the anterior or posterior end?
Define autotrophic.
Define autotrophic.
Define heterotrophic.
Define heterotrophic.
When a euglena becomes heterotrophic, how does it obtain nutrients?
When a euglena becomes heterotrophic, how does it obtain nutrients?
What helps the euglena keep its shape?
What helps the euglena keep its shape?
What is the eyespot used for?
What is the eyespot used for?
What is the function of the nucleus?
What is the function of the nucleus?
What is the function of the nucleolus?
What is the function of the nucleolus?
What is the function of the contractile vacuole?
What is the function of the contractile vacuole?
What would happen if the euglena did not have a contractile vacuole?
What would happen if the euglena did not have a contractile vacuole?
Is the paramecium a unicellular or multicellular organism?
Is the paramecium a unicellular or multicellular organism?
To what Phylum and Kingdom do paramecium belong?
To what Phylum and Kingdom do paramecium belong?
What do paramecium eat?
What do paramecium eat?
How do all members of the Phylum Ciliophora move?
How do all members of the Phylum Ciliophora move?
Why can't the paramecium change shape like the ameba?
Why can't the paramecium change shape like the ameba?
What do the macronucleus and micronucleus do?
What do the macronucleus and micronucleus do?
Define conjugation.
Define conjugation.
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Study Notes
Ameba Characteristics
- Amoebas move using pseudopods, which are extensions of their cytoplasm that allow them to creep along surfaces.
- The nucleus of the ameba houses its DNA, essential for genetic information and cell function.
- When amoebas engulf food particles, they form a food vacuole, where digesting occurs.
Reproduction and Survival
- Amoebas reproduce asexually through binary fission, where the nucleus divides, and the cytoplasm splits into two identical daughter cells.
- In unfavorable conditions, amoebas can form a cyst as a protective measure to survive until conditions improve.
Classification and Habitat
- Amoebas belong to the Kingdom Protista and are classified based on their mode of movement.
- The term "ameba" is derived from the Greek word meaning "change," reflecting their ability to alter shape.
Feeding and Metabolism
- The process of engulfing food is known as phagocytosis, enabling amoebas to feed on microorganisms.
- Amoebas are considered animal-like protists due to their heterotrophic nature, feeding on other organisms.
Euglena Overview
- Euglena are unicellular organisms that also belong to the Kingdom Protista, specifically in the Phylum Euglenophyta.
- Euglena possess chloroplasts, allowing them to perform photosynthesis and produce their own food.
Structure and Function
- The flagellum, which aids in movement, is located at the anterior (front) end of euglena.
- Euglena can switch to a heterotrophic mode of nutrition by absorbing nutrients when sunlight is scarce, demonstrating adaptability.
Specialized Features
- The stiff pellicle outside the euglena cell membrane maintains its shape and structural integrity.
- An eyespot in euglena detects light, guiding them toward areas with sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis.
Paramecium Insights
- Paramecia are unicellular organisms belonging to the Kingdom Protista and Phylum Ciliophora.
- They consume algal scum and microorganisms, primarily using cilia for movement.
Movement and Shape
- All members of the Phylum Ciliophora move using cilia, hair-like projections that facilitate locomotion.
- Paramecium cannot change shape like ameba due to the rigidity of their pellicle, a thick outer membrane.
Nuclei Functions
- Paramecium have two types of nuclei: the macronucleus controls vital functions like respiration and feeding, while the micronucleus plays a key role in reproduction and genetic exchange.
Conjugation Process
- Conjugation is a form of sexual reproduction in paramecia, involving the alignment and exchange of genetic material between two cells.
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