Amino Acids: R Groups and Charges

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Questions and Answers

Which amino acid has a nonpolar, aliphatic R group and consists of only a hydrogen atom as its side chain?

  • Valine
  • Leucine
  • Glycine (correct)
  • Alanine

Which amino acid is classified as having an aromatic R group?

  • Phenylalanine (correct)
  • Glycine
  • Lysine
  • Proline

Which of the following amino acids contains sulfur in its side chain?

  • Valine
  • Alanine
  • Leucine
  • Methionine (correct)

Which amino acid is classified as positively charged at physiological pH?

<p>Lysine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) on its side chain, making it polar?

<p>Serine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid's R group contains an amide?

<p>Asparagine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid has an R group that connects back to the amino group, forming a cyclic structure?

<p>Proline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an amino acid with a branched side chain?

<p>Valine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid contains an imidazole ring in its side chain?

<p>Histidine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is the precursor for several important neurotransmitters?

<p>Phenylalanine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid has the abbreviation 'S'?

<p>Serine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid has the ability to form disulfide bonds?

<p>Cysteine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these amino acids is considered essential and must be obtained from the diet?

<p>Lysine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most hydrophobic?

<p>Isoleucine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid has a single-letter abbreviation of 'Y'?

<p>Tyrosine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids contains an indole ring?

<p>Tryptophan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid contains a guanidino group in its side chain?

<p>Arginine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is achiral?

<p>Glycine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which polar uncharged amino acid's side chain can be phosphorylated?

<p>Serine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Glycine

A nonpolar, aliphatic amino acid with a single hydrogen atom as its side chain.

Alanine

A nonpolar, aliphatic amino acid with a methyl group (-CH3) as its side chain.

Proline

A nonpolar, aliphatic amino acid with a cyclic structure, where the side chain connects back to the amino group.

Valine

A nonpolar, aliphatic amino acid with an isopropyl group as its side chain.

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Leucine

A nonpolar, aliphatic amino acid with a branched alkyl group on the side chain.

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Isoleucine

A nonpolar, aliphatic amino acid, an isomer of leucine, with a branched alkyl group on the side chain.

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Methionine

A nonpolar, aliphatic amino acid containing sulfur in its side chain.

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Serine

A polar, uncharged amino acid with a hydroxyl group (-OH) on its side chain.

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Threonine

A polar, uncharged amino acid with a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a methyl substituent on its side chain.

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Cysteine

A polar, uncharged amino acid with a thiol group (-SH) on its side chain.

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Asparagine

A polar, uncharged amino acid with an amide group (O=C-NH2) on its side chain.

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Glutamine

A polar, uncharged amino acid with a longer side chain and an amide group (O=C-NH2).

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Phenylalanine

An aromatic amino acid with a benzene ring on its side chain.

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Tyrosine

An aromatic amino acid with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to its benzene ring side chain.

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Tryptophan

An aromatic amino acid with an indole ring on its side chain.

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Lysine

A positively charged amino acid with an amino group on its side chain.

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Arginine

A positively charged amino acid contains a guanidino group on its side chain.

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Histidine

A positively charged amino acid with an imidazole ring on its side chain.

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Aspartate

A negatively charged amino acid with a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) on its side chain.

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Glutamate

A negatively charged amino acid with a longer side chain and a carboxylic acid group (-COOH).

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Study Notes

  • The image is about learning R groups and their charges in organic chemistry.

Nonpolar, aliphatic R groups

  • Glycine: Its R-group is a single hydrogen atom.
  • Alanine: Its R-group is a methyl group (CH3).
  • Proline: Its R-group is a cyclic structure, bonded to both the alpha carbon and the nitrogen atom.
  • Valine: Its R-group is an isopropyl group, (CH-(CH3)2).
  • Leucine: Its R-group is an isobutyl group.
  • Isoleucine: Its R-group is a sec-butyl group.
  • Methionine: Its R-group contains a sulfur atom.

Polar, uncharged R groups

  • Serine: Its R-group is a hydroxymethyl group (CH2OH).
  • Threonine: Its R-group contains a hydroxyl group and a methyl group (CH(OH)CH3).
  • Cysteine: Its R-group contains a thiol group (CH2SH).
  • Asparagine: Its R-group contains an amide group (CH2C(O)NH2).
  • Glutamine: Its R-group contains a longer side chain with an amide group at the end.

Aromatic R groups

  • Phenylalanine: Its R-group is a benzyl group.
  • Tyrosine: Its R-group contains a phenol group (CH2C6H4OH).
  • Tryptophan: Its R-group contains an indole ring (CH2C8H6N).

Positively charged R groups

  • Lysine: Its R-group terminates with a positively charged amino group (CH2)4NH3+.
  • Arginine: Its R-group contains a guanidinium group.
  • Histidine: Its R-group contains an imidazole ring that can be protonated.

Negatively charged R groups

  • Aspartate: Its R-group contains a carboxylate group (CH2COO-).
  • Glutamate: Its R-group is similar to aspartate but with one more carbon in the side chain (CH2CH2COO-).

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