Amino Acids Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of enzymes in the body?

  • To speed up chemical reactions (correct)
  • To act as a nutrient storage
  • To provide structural support to cells
  • To transport oxygen in the blood

What distinguishes amino acids from each other?

  • The Carboxyl Group
  • The Amine Group
  • The Elementary Composition
  • The Side Chain (R Group) (correct)

How many different proteins does the human body have?

  • 100,000 (correct)
  • 200,000
  • 9,000
  • 50,000

What structural component provides elasticity in connective tissues?

<p>Elastin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

<p>Store genetic information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which elements are proteins composed of?

<p>Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a molecule that has both positively and negatively charged groups?

<p>Zwitterion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines non-polar amino acids?

<p>R group atoms contain non-polar covalent bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids is considered non-polar?

<p>Cysteine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the length of the R group affect the polarity of amino acids?

<p>Longer R groups decrease polarity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique property does proline provide to protein structures?

<p>Rigid structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids does not have an R-group yet is classified as non-polar?

<p>Glycine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cysteine can form which type of bond that contributes to protein structure?

<p>Disulfide bridges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of properties do non-polar amino acids exhibit in relation to water?

<p>Repelled by water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is known for having an aromatic ring in its structure?

<p>Tryptophan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property is characteristic of polar amino acids?

<p>They attract water via hydrogen bonds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids is not classified as a polar neutral amino acid?

<p>Arginine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property describes basic amino acids?

<p>They are positively charged at low pH. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do mutations in polar amino acids have on proteins?

<p>They can significantly alter protein structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids donates a proton at high pH?

<p>Aspartic Acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the degree of polarity in amino acids depend on?

<p>A combination of polar functional groups, carbon-hydrogens, and aromatics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are acidic amino acids typically located in a protein?

<p>On the surface, near water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of basic amino acids?

<p>They contain a nitrogen atom in their R group. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Protein structure

Proteins are complex molecules made up of one or more chains of amino acids.

Amino acid polymer

Chain of amino acids that fold into a specific 3D structure to form a protein.

Enzyme's role

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

Amino Acid structure

Amino acids have an amine group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a side chain (R group).

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Protein functions

Proteins have diverse roles, including catalyzing reactions, signaling, providing structure, transporting molecules, and protecting the body.

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Amino Acid Zwitterion

An amino acid in water exists as a zwitterion, a molecule with a positive and a negative charge.

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20 natural amino acids

The fundamental building blocks from which proteins are made.

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Protein Importance

Proteins are essential for life's processes, serving as catalysts, structural components, signaling molecules, and more.

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Non-polar amino acids

Amino acids whose R-groups lack significant polarity, composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

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R-group's effect on polarity

The structure of the R-group (side chain) determines the overall polarity of the amino acid.

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Glycine's R-group

Glycine's R-group is a simple hydrogen atom, making it technically non-polar but unique.

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Hydrophobic interaction

Non-polar amino acids cluster together in the center of a protein to avoid water.

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Disulfide bridge

A covalent bond formed between two cysteine amino acids.

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Polarity of cysteine

Cysteine's R-group is weakly polar, not strong enough to hydrogen bond.

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Proline's structure

Proline is the only cyclic amino acid, contributing to protein structure rigidity.

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Aromatic nonpolar amino acid

Amino acids with an aromatic ring in their R-group that affects charge distribution and hydrogen bond.

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Polar Amino Acids

Amino acids with R groups containing polar covalent bonds, making them hydrophilic and found on the outside of proteins.

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Polar Neutral Amino Acids

Polar amino acids that are neither acidic nor basic.

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Basic Amino Acids

Amino acids whose R groups contain nitrogen atoms that can accept protons (become positively charged), creating hydrophilic properties and a location on the protein surface.

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Acidic Amino Acids

Amino acids containing a carboxyl group in their R group, which can donate protons (become negatively charged), making them hydrophilic and found on the surface of proteins.

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Hydrophilic

Having an affinity for water due to polar covalent bonds.

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R group

The variable side chain of an amino acid, affecting its properties.

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Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence of a gene.

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Study Notes

Amino Acids

  • Proteins are polymers of amino acids
  • Amino acids have an amine group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain (R-group)
  • The R-group distinguishes the properties of each amino acid, categorizing them as polar, non-polar, acidic, or basic
  • Knowing the R-group characteristics is key to understanding protein structure
  • There are 20 different natural amino acids
  • The characteristics of the amino acids determine protein structure

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Related Documents

BIO173 Biology: Proteins and Amino Acids PDF

Description

This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of amino acids, their structures, and their roles as building blocks of proteins. Learn about the various classifications of amino acids based on their R-groups and how these characteristics influence protein formation. Test your knowledge of the 20 natural amino acids and their significance in biochemistry.

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