Amino Acids in Polypeptides Quiz

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Which functional group in Serine is responsible for its polarity?

CH3 group

NH3+ group

COOH group

OH- group (correct)

What type of amino acid residues are more soluble due to containing neutral uncharged polar functional groups?

Sulfur-containing

Aliphatic

Aromatic

Polar (correct)

In which amino acid is an OH group added to the para-position of the benzene ring?

Glycine

Tyrosine (correct)

Threonine

Cysteine

Which amino acid occurs in its oxidized form as cystine in proteins?

Cysteine Signup and view all the answers

What makes an amino acid residue hydrophilic?

Uncharged polar functional groups Signup and view all the answers

How is a dipeptide different from an oligopeptide?

Length of the chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pepsin in the stomach?

To denature proteins and kill some bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enteropeptidase in the digestion process?

To convert zymogens to active enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of trypsin in protein digestion?

To cleave proteins at arginine or lysine residues Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of zymogens in protein digestion?

To prevent the premature activation of proteases Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of peptidases in protein digestion?

To cleave oligopeptides into smaller peptides Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cholecystokinin and secretin in protein digestion?

To stimulate the release of pancreatic proteases Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the low pH of the stomach in protein digestion?

Denatures proteins to make them more accessible to enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is secreted by serous cells in the gastric gland?

Pepsin Signup and view all the answers

What type of enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins?

Endopeptidases Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor form of trypsin before activation?

Trypsinogen Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of proteins into large polypeptides in the stomach?

Pepsin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enterokinase/trypsin in the digestion process?

Activation of trypsinogen into trypsin Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the transfer of the carbamoyl group to ornithine?

Ornithine carbamoyl transferase Signup and view all the answers

Which compound donates its carbamoyl group to ornithine in the Urea Cycle?

Carbamoyl phosphate Signup and view all the answers

Where does ornithine usually form before entering the mitochondria for the Urea Cycle reactions?

Cytosol Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction forms citrulline from the carbamoyl group and ornithine?

Transferase Signup and view all the answers

Which component leaves the mitochondria after the formation of citrulline in the Urea Cycle?

Citrulline Signup and view all the answers

What is the regulatory enzyme involved in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate?

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of high levels of phenylalanine in pregnant women?

Abnormal development of the foetus Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of mental retardation in this condition?

Accumulation of phenylalanine Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of phenylalanine on the transport of other amino acids to the brain?

It competes and inhibits the transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical manifestation of this condition?

Mental retardation, poor psychomotor maturation, and urine odour Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme deficiency responsible for Tyrosinaemia?

Tyrosine transaminase Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic urine odour in this condition?

Phenylacetate Signup and view all the answers