30 Questions
Which functional group in Serine is responsible for its polarity?
OH- group
What type of amino acid residues are more soluble due to containing neutral uncharged polar functional groups?
Polar
In which amino acid is an OH group added to the para-position of the benzene ring?
Tyrosine
Which amino acid occurs in its oxidized form as cystine in proteins?
Cysteine
What makes an amino acid residue hydrophilic?
Uncharged polar functional groups
How is a dipeptide different from an oligopeptide?
Length of the chain
What is the function of pepsin in the stomach?
To denature proteins and kill some bacteria
What is the role of enteropeptidase in the digestion process?
To convert zymogens to active enzymes
What is the function of trypsin in protein digestion?
To cleave proteins at arginine or lysine residues
What is the purpose of zymogens in protein digestion?
To prevent the premature activation of proteases
What is the role of peptidases in protein digestion?
To cleave oligopeptides into smaller peptides
What is the function of cholecystokinin and secretin in protein digestion?
To stimulate the release of pancreatic proteases
What is the role of the low pH of the stomach in protein digestion?
Denatures proteins to make them more accessible to enzymes
Which enzyme is secreted by serous cells in the gastric gland?
Pepsin
What type of enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins?
Endopeptidases
What is the precursor form of trypsin before activation?
Trypsinogen
Which enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of proteins into large polypeptides in the stomach?
Pepsin
What is the role of enterokinase/trypsin in the digestion process?
Activation of trypsinogen into trypsin
Which enzyme catalyzes the transfer of the carbamoyl group to ornithine?
Ornithine carbamoyl transferase
Which compound donates its carbamoyl group to ornithine in the Urea Cycle?
Carbamoyl phosphate
Where does ornithine usually form before entering the mitochondria for the Urea Cycle reactions?
Cytosol
What type of reaction forms citrulline from the carbamoyl group and ornithine?
Transferase
Which component leaves the mitochondria after the formation of citrulline in the Urea Cycle?
Citrulline
What is the regulatory enzyme involved in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate?
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
What is the result of high levels of phenylalanine in pregnant women?
Abnormal development of the foetus
What is the likely cause of mental retardation in this condition?
Accumulation of phenylalanine
What is the effect of phenylalanine on the transport of other amino acids to the brain?
It competes and inhibits the transport
What is the clinical manifestation of this condition?
Mental retardation, poor psychomotor maturation, and urine odour
What is the enzyme deficiency responsible for Tyrosinaemia?
Tyrosine transaminase
What is the characteristic urine odour in this condition?
Phenylacetate
Test your knowledge about amino acids in polypeptides, specifically focusing on the polar nature of Glycine and Polar R-Groups like Serine. Learn about the properties and interactions of different amino acids within proteins.
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