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Questions and Answers
Which amino acid is classified as basic due to its NH2 group?
Which amino acid has a unique cyclic structure?
What are amino acids primarily known as?
By what process can amino acids be obtained from proteins?
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Which of the following methods is NOT used to obtain amino acids from proteins?
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Which statement about amino acids is false?
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What happens during enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins?
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Which of the following amino acids must be obtained through the diet?
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What defines an amino acid that must not be taken in the diet?
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Which of the following is a consequence of not obtaining sufficient essential amino acids from the diet?
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Which of the following amino acids is categorized as a non-essential amino acid?
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In dietary terms, which of the following statements is true about essential amino acids?
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What is formed when two amino acids react with each other?
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Which functional groups are involved in the reaction between amino acids?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the interaction between amino acids?
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What type of chemical reaction occurs when amino acids form peptide bonds?
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Why is it necessary to include essential amino acids in the diet?
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Which of the following statements about essential amino acids is correct?
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Classify phenylalanine in terms of its metabolic pathway.
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What is the primary classification of tyrosine regarding its carbon and energy sources?
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Which of the following statements best describes the metabolic implications of a glucogenic amino acid?
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In terms of energy production, what distinguishes ketogenic amino acids from glucogenic amino acids?
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Which of the following amino acids is considered essential and cannot be synthesized by the body?
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Study Notes
Amino Acid Structure
- Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins
- Amino acids are obtained by hydrolyzing proteins using acids, alkalis, or enzymes
Types of Amino Acids
- Essential amino acids are synthesized by the body
- Non-essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet
- Conditionally essential amino acids are not normally required in the diet but become essential under certain conditions, such as illness
Examples of Amino Acids
-
Essential amino acids:
- Valine
- Isoleucine
- Tyrosine
- Phenylalanine
- Tryptophan
- Proline
- Hydroxyproline
- Arginine
- Histidine
- Lysine
-
Non-essential amino acids:
- Alanine
- Glycine
- Serine
- Cysteine
Amino Acid Condensation
- Amino acids can join together through a condensation reaction
- The condensation reaction is between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
- This reaction forms a peptide bond and releases water.
Essential Amino Acids
- Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet.
- Examples of essential amino acids include:
- Arginine
- Histidine
- Phenylalanine
- Tyrosine
- Glycine
- Serine
Amino Acid Metabolism
- Amino acids can be metabolized into different pathways:
- Glucogenic: Metabolized into glucose
- Ketogenic: Metabolized into ketone bodies
- Mixed: Metabolized into both glucose and ketone bodies
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
- Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a laboratory test used to identify different types of hemoglobin in red blood cells (erythrocytes).
- This test can be used to validate a diagnosis of certain blood disorders.
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