Amino Acids and Their R Groups

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Questions and Answers

Which amino acid is characterized by a tiny and flexible R group?

  • Proline
  • Valine
  • Alanine
  • Glycine (correct)

An amino acid is classified as nonpolar and contains sulfur. Which amino acid fits this description?

  • Asparagine
  • Methionine (correct)
  • Cysteine
  • Serine

Which amino acid contains a cyclic imino acid structure?

  • Histidine
  • Tryptophan
  • Phenylalanine
  • Proline (correct)

Which of the following amino acids has an aromatic R group?

<p>Phenylalanine (C)</p>
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Which amino acid has an R group that contains both an aromatic ring and a hydroxyl (-OH) group?

<p>Tyrosine (C)</p>
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Asparagine and Glutamine are classified under which category of amino acids?

<p>Polar, uncharged (A)</p>
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Which amino acid is capable of forming disulfide bonds?

<p>Cysteine (B)</p>
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Which of the following amino acids is classified as an acidic amino acid?

<p>Aspartic acid (C)</p>
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What R group does glutamic acid have?

<p>-CH2-CH2-COOH (C)</p>
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Which amino acid has a guanidino group?

<p>Arginine (D)</p>
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Which of the following amino acids is classified as a basic amino acid due to its R group containing an imidazole ring?

<p>Histidine (A)</p>
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Lysine is categorized as a basic amino acid because its R group contains which functional group?

<p>Amino group (C)</p>
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Which amino acid has a branched alkyl R group?

<p>Leucine (C)</p>
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How are Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid similar?

<p>They are both acidic amino acids (A)</p>
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What feature do serine and threonine share?

<p>They both have a hydroxyl group. (C)</p>
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How does tryptophan's R group differ from phenylalanine's?

<p>Tryptophan is bulkier. (C)</p>
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Which pair of amino acids both contain amide groups in their side chains?

<p>Asparagine and Glutamine (B)</p>
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Which of the following amino acids is not classified as branched alkyl?

<p>Glycine (C)</p>
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Which amino acid is abbreviated as 'Q' ?

<p>Glutamine (D)</p>
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Match the amino acid with its correct R group: Lysine.

<p>-(CH2)4-NH3+ (A)</p>
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Flashcards

Glycine

A nonpolar amino acid with the abbreviation Gly (G), having a tiny, flexible H R-group.

Alanine

A nonpolar amino acid with the abbreviation Ala (A), having a CH3 R-group.

Valine

A nonpolar amino acid with the abbreviation Val (V), having a branched alkyl R-group.

Leucine

A nonpolar amino acid with the abbreviation Leu (L), having a branched alkyl R-group.

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Isoleucine

A nonpolar amino acid with the abbreviation Ile (I), having a branched alkyl R-group.

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Methionine

A nonpolar amino acid with the abbreviation Met (M), containing sulfur in its (nonpolar) R-group.

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Proline

A nonpolar amino acid with the abbreviation Pro (P), having a cyclic (imino acid) R-group.

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Phenylalanine

A nonpolar amino acid with the abbreviation Phe (F), having an aromatic ring R-group.

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Tryptophan

A nonpolar amino acid with the abbreviation Trp (W), having an aromatic (bulky) R-group.

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Serine

A polar, uncharged amino acid with the abbreviation Ser (S), having an -OH group.

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Threonine

A polar, uncharged amino acid with the abbreviation Thr (T), having an -OH group.

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Asparagine

A polar, uncharged amino acid with the abbreviation Asn (N), having an amide group.

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Glutamine

A polar, uncharged amino acid with the abbreviation Gln (Q), having an amide group.

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Cysteine

A polar, uncharged amino acid with the abbreviation Cys (C), having a -SH group and forms disulfide bonds.

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Tyrosine

A polar, uncharged amino acid with the abbreviation Tyr (Y), having an aromatic ring and an -OH group.

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Aspartic acid

An acidic (negatively charged) amino acid with the abbreviation Asp (D), having a -CH2-COOH R group.

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Glutamic acid

An acidic (negatively charged) amino acid with the abbreviation Glu (E), having a -CH2-CH2-COOH R group.

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Lysine

A basic (positively charged) amino acid with the abbreviation Lys (K), having a -(CH2)4-NH3+ R group.

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Arginine

A basic (positively charged) amino acid with the abbreviation Arg (R), having a Guanidino R group.

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Histidine

A basic (positively charged) amino acid with the abbreviation His (H), having an imidazole ring.

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Study Notes

  • There are 20 common amino acids, classified by their R groups.

Nonpolar (Hydrophobic) R Groups

  • Glycine (Gly, G) has a tiny, flexible R group consisting of a single hydrogen atom (H).
  • Alanine (Ala, A) has a methyl group (CH3) as its R group.
  • Valine (Val, V), Leucine (Leu, L), and Isoleucine (Ile, I) all have branched alkyl R groups.
  • Methionine (Met, M) contains sulfur, but is nonpolar.
  • Proline (Pro, P) has a cyclic imino acid R group.
  • Phenylalanine (Phe, F) has an aromatic ring R group.
  • Tryptophan (Trp, W) has a bulky aromatic R group.

Polar, Uncharged R Groups

  • Serine (Ser, S) and Threonine (Thr, T) both have an -OH group as a special feature in their R groups.
  • Asparagine (Asn, N) and Glutamine (Gln, Q) both have an amide group in their R groups.
  • Cysteine (Cys, C) has an -SH group in its R group and forms disulfide bonds.
  • Tyrosine (Tyr, Y) has an aromatic ring and an -OH group in its R group.

Acidic (Negatively Charged) R Groups

  • Aspartic acid (Asp, D) has an R group of -CH2-COOH.
  • Glutamic acid (Glu, E) has an R group of -CH2-CH2-COOH.

Basic (Positively Charged) R Groups

  • Lysine (Lys, K) has an R group of -(CH2)4-NH3+.
  • Arginine (Arg, R) has a guanidino group as its R group.
  • Histidine (His, H) has an imidazole ring as its R group.

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