Amino Acids and Their Properties

False (B)

The two dissociating groups in alanine are the carboxyl group (R’COOH) and the amino group (R’NH3+).

<p>net</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pKa = The pH at which a molecule carries no net electrical charge Isoelectric point (pI) = The measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution Amino group (NH2) = The functional group that gives an amino acid its basic properties Carboxyl group (COOH) = The functional group that gives an amino acid its acidic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proline has a cyclic side chain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>R-group</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>alpha</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha amino acid = An amino acid with an amino group (-NH2) attached to the carbon atom next to the carboxyl group (-COOH) R-group = The part of an amino acid's structure that varies and gives the amino acid its unique properties Imino acid = An amino acid with a nitrogen atom that is part of a ring structure, like proline Optical isomerism = The existence of two non-superimposable mirror images of a molecule, like L-amino acid and D-amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The isoelectric point (pI) of an amino acid is the pH at which the molecule carries no net electrical charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycine = 5.97 Alanine = 6.01 Aspartic Acid = 2.97</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrophobic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>R group or side chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glycine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutral Non-Polar AA = Hydrocarbon chains or rings that are not polar Polar Acidic AA = Contain carboxyl groups Polar Basic AA = Contain amino groups Alcoholic Amino Acids = Contain hydroxyl groups Aromatic Amino Acids = Contain benzene rings or other cyclic structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The human body cannot synthesize them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>amphibolic intermediates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysine (A), Leucine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zwitterion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>isoelectric point</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positively charged ion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7.59 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3.22</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9.74</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histidine = Polar Basic Glutamic Acid = Polar Acidic Lysine = Polar Basic Aspartic Acid = Polar Acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leucine and Lysine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COOH-</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucogenic = Generate precursors for glucose or glycogen Ketogenic = Converted into fat Both = Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is no net charge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(pKa + pKa) / 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Amino acids with an amino group attached to the first carbon next to the carboxyl group.

An exception among amino acids, categorized as an imino acid due to its unique cyclic structure.

The side chain of an amino acid that determines its unique characteristics.

The ability of amino acids to exist in two mirror-image forms due to chiral centers.

A molecule with both positive and negative charges, typical in amino acids at physiological pH.

Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet.

The pathways and processes through which amino acids are utilized by the body.

Characteristics of amino acids that allow them to act as acids or bases in biochemical reactions.

Building blocks of proteins, consisting of amino and carboxyl groups.

The pH at which a molecule is half dissociated; indicates acidity strength.

The pH at which the amino acid has no net charge.

pI = (pKa1 + pKa2) / 2 for amino acids with two pKa values.

Each amino acid contains an amino group, carboxyl group, and a variable R group.

Acids that can donate more than one proton, having multiple pKa values.

The form of an amino acid at its isoelectric point where the net charge is zero.

The pH at which an amino acid exists predominantly in its zwitterionic form.

pI is the average of the two closest pKa values: pI = (pKa1 + pKa2) / 2.

A group of amino acids that have polar side chains but are neutral overall at physiological pH.

pI = (6.0 + 9.17) / 2, results in pI = 7.59.

pI = (2.19 + 4.25) / 2, results in pI = 3.22.

Essential must be taken from diet; non-essential can be synthesized by the body.

Basic amino acids include Lysine, Arginine, and Histidine.

The pH at which an amino acid has no net charge.

Molecules that have non-superimposable mirror images.

Amino acids that the body can synthesize and do not need to be obtained from food.

Amino acids with branched side chains, important for muscle building.

Amino acids that contain carboxylic acid groups and have a negative charge at physiological pH.

Amino acids that contain amino groups and have a positive charge at physiological pH.

Amino acids that contain an aromatic ring structure.

Amino acids that are used to build proteins in biological organisms.

Amino acids can act as both acids and bases, shown by zwitterions in solutions.

The simplest amino acid, with only hydrogen as its side chain.

An amino acid with extra carbon groups, important for metabolism.

Amino acids that do not interact well with water due to non-polar side chains.

An amino acid with a pI of 5.68.

Amino acids that can be converted into glucose precursors like pyruvate.

Amino acids that can be converted into fat, such as Leucine and Lysine.

Amino acids like Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan serve dual roles.

In acidic solutions, all basic groups are protonated, and acidic groups are deprotonated.

In basic solutions, all acid groups are deprotonated and basic groups are also deprotonated.