Amino Acid Codons and Reading Frame Quiz

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What is the purpose of the Wobble phenomenon in the genetic code?

To ensure that each codon is recognized by a unique tRNA
To increase the accuracy of protein translation
To allow for less stringent pairing between the tRNA anticodon and the mRNA codon (correct)
To prevent mutations in the genetic code

What is the main function of the elongation factors during the elongation phase of translation?

To ensure the accurate charging of tRNAs with their cognate amino acids
To facilitate the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA (correct)
To catalyze the formation of the peptide bond
To regulate the initiation of translation

What is the primary difference between missense mutations and nonsense mutations?

Missense mutations introduce a stop codon, while nonsense mutations introduce a different amino acid (correct)
Missense mutations are always silent, while nonsense mutations always result in a truncated protein
Missense mutations change the amino acid sequence, while nonsense mutations do not
Missense mutations are caused by a single base substitution, while nonsense mutations are caused by insertions or deletions

What is the primary function of the release factors during the termination phase of translation?

To recognize the stop codon and trigger the release of the completed polypeptide chain (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do alternatively spliced mRNA molecules contribute to protein diversity?

They allow for the production of multiple proteins from a single gene (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the small and large ribosomal subunits during the initiation phase of translation?

The small subunit and the large subunit join together to form the complete ribosome (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the genetic code?

To specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the genetic code?

It is degenerate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the start codon in the genetic code?

AUG (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the template strand of DNA during transcription?

The antisense strand (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

It synthesizes RNA from DNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of stop codons in the genetic code?

They signal the termination of translation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tRNA molecules?

To carry amino acids to the ribosome during translation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the tRNA molecule is responsible for recognizing the mRNA codon?

The anticodon (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme?

It charges the tRNA with the correct amino acid (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which ribosomal site binds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain?

The P-site (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the enzyme peptidyl transferase in translation?

It forms peptide bonds between amino acids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy source required for the charging of tRNA molecules with amino acids?

ATP (D) Signup and view all the answers