Amino Acid Classifications and Structures
44 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of amino acids in the body?

  • They are the main source of vitamins.
  • They function solely as enzymes.
  • They act as energy sources.
  • They are the building blocks of proteins. (correct)

    • Which part of an amino acid structure is characteristic and varies among different amino acids?

  • Carbon backbone
  • NH2 group
  • COOH group
  • Side Chain (R) (correct)

    • What reaction process is involved in obtaining amino acids from proteins?

  • Oxidation
  • Transamination
  • Hydrolysis (correct)
  • Condensation

    • How many standard amino acids are there in proteins?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following classifications is NOT used for amino acids?

    <p>Physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What groups are present in the general structure of each alpha-amino acid?

    <p>COOH and NH2 groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the hydrolysis of proteins in the stomach to release amino acids?

    <p>Pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The side chain (R) group of an amino acid can vary, influencing its properties. What does this variability primarily affect?

    <p>The reactivity and polarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of amino acids is classified as neutral based on their chemical structure?

    <p>Glycine, Alanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes acidic amino acids from neutral amino acids in terms of their chemical groups?

    <p>Acidic amino acids carry a negative charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids is considered basic?

    <p>Lysine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid classification involves amino acids that predominantly carry a positive charge?

    <p>Basic amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many carboxylic acid groups are present in acidic amino acids?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about neutral amino acids is correct?

    <p>They have equal numbers of NH2 and COOH groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids fall under the category of hydrophobic amino acids?

    <p>Valine, Isoleucine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of basic amino acids regarding their amino and carboxylic groups?

    <p>More NH2 groups than COOH groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the chemical classification of amino acids?

    <p>Only acidic amino acids have multiple carboxylic groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aliphatic amino acids does not contain a side chain?

    <p>Glycine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is correctly classified as a sulfur-containing amino acid?

    <p>Cysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the listed amino acids, which one contains both a $COOH$ and an $NH_2$ group in its structure?

    <p>Threonine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)?

    <p>They have a branched hydrocarbon side chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids contains a hydroxy group ($-OH$) in its structure?

    <p>Serine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is classified as basic due to the presence of an additional amino group?

    <p>Arginine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid has the structure with the formula of $C_3H_7NO_2$?

    <p>Alanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary functional group present in all amino acids?

    <p>Amino group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is classified as an acidic amino acid due to the presence of an extra carboxyl group?

    <p>Glutamic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids can be described as both aliphatic and aromatic?

    <p>Tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids is classified as semi-essential?

    <p>Histidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of amino acids includes only essential amino acids?

    <p>Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is not classified as essential?

    <p>Tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is part of the 'VIP' category?

    <p>Phenylalanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is classified as an imino acid?

    <p>Proline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids do not contain a benzene group?

    <p>Cysteine and Lysine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids are found in the 'Mall' group?

    <p>Methionine, Arginine, Leucine, Lysine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these amino acids is considered non-essential?

    <p>Glycine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about essential amino acids?

    <p>They must be obtained through diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason arginine and histidine are classified as semi-essential?

    <p>They are essential during periods of growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids contains an SH group?

    <p>Cysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is classified as non-essential?

    <p>Arginine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs contains aromatic amino acids?

    <p>Tyrosine and Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is usually found in higher concentrations in meat?

    <p>Lysine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is shared by tryptophan and phenylalanine?

    <p>Both are aromatic amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group does histidine belong to based on nutritional classification?

    <p>Semi-essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about cysteine and cystine is true?

    <p>Cystine is a dimer of cysteine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Amino Acid Classifications

    • Amino acids are the structural units of proteins.
    • They are obtained from protein via acid, alkali, or enzymatic hydrolysis.
    • There are 20 known amino acids (21 after adding selenocysteine).

    General Structure of Amino Acids

    • Each α-amino acid has a carboxyl group (COOH), an amino group (NH2), and a side chain (R group).
    • The R group differentiates amino acids, influencing their chemical and biological properties.

    Classification of Amino Acids

    • 1. Chemical Classification: Based on the number of amino and carboxyl groups in the side chain.

      • Neutral Amino Acids: Have one amino and one carboxyl group. Examples: Glycine, Alanine, Serine, Threonine, Cysteine, Cystine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan.
      • Acidic Amino Acids: Have more than one carboxyl group and one amino group; they carry a negative charge. Examples: Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid.
      • Basic Amino Acids: Have more than one amino group and one carboxyl group; they carry a positive charge. Examples: Arginine, Histidine, Lysine.

    • 2. Nutritional Classification: Based on whether the body can synthesize the amino acid.

      • Essential Amino Acids: The body cannot synthesize these, so they must be obtained from diet. Examples: Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Tryptophan, Threonine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Histidine, Lysine.
      • Non-Essential Amino Acids: The body can synthesize these. Examples: Glycine, Alanine, Serine, Tyrosine, Cysteine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Proline. Some amino acids are considered semi-essential (e.g., arginine and histidine) as the body can produce them, but in insufficient amounts for specific developmental stages.

    • 3. Metabolic Classification: Based on the metabolic fate of the amino acid.

      • Ketogenic Amino Acids: Broken down into ketone bodies. Examples: Leucine, Lysine.
      • Glucogenic Amino Acids: Broken down into glucose. Examples: Alanine, Serine, Glycine, Cysteine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Proline.
      • Mixed Glucogenic and Ketogenic Amino Acids: Can be broken down into both glucose and ketone bodies. Examples: Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Tryptophan, Threonine, Tyrosine.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Amino Acid Classifications PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the classifications and structures of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Learn about their general structure, how they differ chemically, and their classification into neutral, acidic, and basic types. Understanding these concepts is essential for studying biochemistry.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser