Biochem 6: Amino Acids
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Questions and Answers

Which category of amino acids contains a benzene ring or a non-benzene hydrocarbon chain?

  • Acidic
  • Neutral Nonpolar (correct)
  • Neutral Polar
  • Basic

Which amino acid is sometimes grouped with neutral polar amino acids due to its borderline polarity?

  • Serine
  • Proline
  • Cysteine (correct)
  • Glycine

Which amino acid contains a thiol group that can form disulfide bonds?

  • Proline
  • Cysteine (correct)
  • Asparagine
  • Serine

Which amino acid can be phosphorylated and has an OH group?

<p>Serine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid can be phosphorylated and has an NH2 group?

<p>Asparagine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of amino acids contain sulfur?

<p>Cystine and methionine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is part of important proteins and peptides such as keratin and insulin?

<p>Cysteine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is involved in antioxidant reactions and can form disulfide bonds?

<p>Cysteine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bonding can both the hydroxy and amido groups participate in?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is classified as Neutral Nonpolar and contains a benzene ring?

<p>Phenylalanine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about charged amino acids at pH = 7?

<p>Acidic amino acids are negatively charged (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way nitrogen can be incorporated into an amino acid?

<p>Hydrogenation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coenzyme is required for transaminations?

<p>PLP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the transamination of glutamate to alanine?

<p>ALT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid family includes alanine, pyruvate, and alpha-ketoglutarate?

<p>Glutamate family (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid belongs to the aspartate family?

<p>Asparagine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid family includes serine and glycine?

<p>Serine family (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid family includes tryptophan and tyrosine?

<p>Aromatic family (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical consideration associated with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU)?

<p>Dietary: approved diet can lead to normal development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin coenzyme is used in the decarboxylation of histidine to histamine?

<p>Vitamin B9 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main pathways for nitrogen to get from extrahepatic tissues to the liver?

<p>Glutamine synthetase reaction and glucose-alanine cycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate to citrulline in the urea cycle?

<p>Arginase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the urea cycle?

<p>To produce urea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the ammonia come from in the urea cycle?

<p>Glutamine synthetase reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does carbamoyl phosphate come from in the urea cycle?

<p>Glutamine synthetase reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cycle does the urea cycle connect to via fumarate?

<p>Krebs cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids can be classified as both glucogenic and ketogenic?

<p>Alanine, Cysteine, Glycine, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids can be classified as ketogenic?

<p>Leucine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are some amino acids not classified as glucogenic even though they are part of the citrate boxes in the Krebs cycle?

<p>They are not involved in gluconeogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about amino acids at pH = 7?

<p>They are zwitterions with no net charge across N- and C- terminals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the nitrogen in amino acids come from?

<p>Plants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nitrogen in amino acids when animals ingest plants?

<p>It is decomposed and released back into the soil. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the general properties of amino acids at pH = 7?

<p>They are amphoteric. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of nitrogen for plants?

<p>Atmosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet?

<p>Essential amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of amino acids at pH = 7?

<p>Acidic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe amino acids that have a benzene ring or a non-benzene hydrocarbon chain?

<p>Aromatic amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe amino acids that can act as both glucogenic and ketogenic?

<p>Conditionally essential amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe amino acids that have both a positive and a negative charge, resulting in no net charge across N- and C- terminals?

<p>Zwitterions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are classified as branched chain amino acids (BCAA’s)?

<p>Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are classified as essential amino acids (EAA)?

<p>Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are considered essential in infants but not in adults?

<p>Histidine and Arginine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about complete proteins?

<p>They contain sufficient amounts of essential amino acids (EAA) to support health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a complete protein?

<p>Soy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered by some sources to be a complete protein?

<p>Quinoa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid family includes serine and glycine?

<p>Serine family (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of amino acids contains a benzene ring or a non-benzene hydrocarbon chain?

<p>Aromatic amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of amino acids contain sulfur?

<p>Sulfur-containing amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the transamination of glutamate to alanine?

<p>Alanine aminotransferase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the properties of amino acids at pH = 7?

<p>A and D are correct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of nitrogen for plants in the nitrogen cycle?

<p>Atmospheric nitrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nitrogen in amino acids when animals ingest plants?

<p>The nitrogen is used to form proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids are classified as essential amino acids (EAA)?

<p>Leucine and valine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe amino acids that can act as both an acid and a base?

<p>Amphoteric (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids is classified as a branched chain amino acid (BCAA)?

<p>Leucine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a complete protein?

<p>Beans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids is classified as an essential amino acid (EAA)?

<p>Methionine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids is considered a subset of the essential amino acids (EAA) and is highly enriched in blood leaving the liver?

<p>Leucine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about plant products as a source of complete proteins?

<p>Plant products have a variable amino acid composition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about zwitterions?

<p>They have both a positive and a negative charge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of amino acids at pH=7?

<p>Act as a reducing agent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the nitrogen cycle?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet?

<p>Essential amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of nitrogen for plants?

<p>Atmosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the transamination of glutamate to alanine?

<p>Alanine aminotransferase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is involved in antioxidant reactions and can form disulfide bonds?

<p>Cysteine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is part of important proteins and peptides such as keratin and insulin?

<p>Methionine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is sometimes grouped with neutral polar amino acids due to its borderline polarity?

<p>Tyrosine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about branched chain amino acids (BCAA’s)?

<p>BCAA’s are classified as essential amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about essential amino acids (EAA)?

<p>EAA’s are required in the diet and include valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and tryptophan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a complete protein?

<p>Plant products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about soy as a source of complete proteins?

<p>Soy is not usually considered a complete protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about quinoa as a source of complete proteins?

<p>Quinoa is considered a complete protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the amino acid composition of beans?

<p>Beans are low in methionine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the amino acid composition of wheat?

<p>Wheat is low in lysine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the amino acid composition of corn?

<p>Corn is low in both methionine and lysine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about amino acids in general at pH = 7?

<p>Amino acids have no net charge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the classification of amino acids based on their charge at pH = 7?

<p>Amino acids can have both a positive and a negative charge at pH = 7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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