Biochem 6: Amino Acids
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Questions and Answers

Which category of amino acids contains a benzene ring or a non-benzene hydrocarbon chain?

  • Acidic
  • Neutral Nonpolar (correct)
  • Neutral Polar
  • Basic

    • Which amino acid is sometimes grouped with neutral polar amino acids due to its borderline polarity?

  • Serine
  • Proline
  • Cysteine (correct)
  • Glycine

    • Which amino acid contains a thiol group that can form disulfide bonds?

  • Proline
  • Cysteine (correct)
  • Asparagine
  • Serine

    • Which amino acid can be phosphorylated and has an OH group?

    <p>Serine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid can be phosphorylated and has an NH2 group?

    <p>Asparagine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of amino acids contain sulfur?

    <p>Cystine and methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is part of important proteins and peptides such as keratin and insulin?

    <p>Cysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is involved in antioxidant reactions and can form disulfide bonds?

    <p>Cysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bonding can both the hydroxy and amido groups participate in?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is classified as Neutral Nonpolar and contains a benzene ring?

    <p>Phenylalanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about charged amino acids at pH = 7?

    <p>Acidic amino acids are negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way nitrogen can be incorporated into an amino acid?

    <p>Hydrogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coenzyme is required for transaminations?

    <p>PLP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the transamination of glutamate to alanine?

    <p>ALT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid family includes alanine, pyruvate, and alpha-ketoglutarate?

    <p>Glutamate family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid belongs to the aspartate family?

    <p>Asparagine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid family includes serine and glycine?

    <p>Serine family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid family includes tryptophan and tyrosine?

    <p>Aromatic family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical consideration associated with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU)?

    <p>Dietary: approved diet can lead to normal development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin coenzyme is used in the decarboxylation of histidine to histamine?

    <p>Vitamin B9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main pathways for nitrogen to get from extrahepatic tissues to the liver?

    <p>Glutamine synthetase reaction and glucose-alanine cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate to citrulline in the urea cycle?

    <p>Arginase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the urea cycle?

    <p>To produce urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the ammonia come from in the urea cycle?

    <p>Glutamine synthetase reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does carbamoyl phosphate come from in the urea cycle?

    <p>Glutamine synthetase reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cycle does the urea cycle connect to via fumarate?

    <p>Krebs cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids can be classified as both glucogenic and ketogenic?

    <p>Alanine, Cysteine, Glycine, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids can be classified as ketogenic?

    <p>Leucine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are some amino acids not classified as glucogenic even though they are part of the citrate boxes in the Krebs cycle?

    <p>They are not involved in gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about amino acids at pH = 7?

    <p>They are zwitterions with no net charge across N- and C- terminals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the nitrogen in amino acids come from?

    <p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the nitrogen in amino acids when animals ingest plants?

    <p>It is decomposed and released back into the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the general properties of amino acids at pH = 7?

    <p>They are amphoteric.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of nitrogen for plants?

    <p>Atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet?

    <p>Essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a property of amino acids at pH = 7?

    <p>Acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe amino acids that have a benzene ring or a non-benzene hydrocarbon chain?

    <p>Aromatic amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe amino acids that can act as both glucogenic and ketogenic?

    <p>Conditionally essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe amino acids that have both a positive and a negative charge, resulting in no net charge across N- and C- terminals?

    <p>Zwitterions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids are classified as branched chain amino acids (BCAA’s)?

    <p>Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids are classified as essential amino acids (EAA)?

    <p>Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids are considered essential in infants but not in adults?

    <p>Histidine and Arginine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about complete proteins?

    <p>They contain sufficient amounts of essential amino acids (EAA) to support health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a complete protein?

    <p>Soy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered by some sources to be a complete protein?

    <p>Quinoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid family includes serine and glycine?

    <p>Serine family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of amino acids contains a benzene ring or a non-benzene hydrocarbon chain?

    <p>Aromatic amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of amino acids contain sulfur?

    <p>Sulfur-containing amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the transamination of glutamate to alanine?

    <p>Alanine aminotransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the properties of amino acids at pH = 7?

    <p>A and D are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of nitrogen for plants in the nitrogen cycle?

    <p>Atmospheric nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the nitrogen in amino acids when animals ingest plants?

    <p>The nitrogen is used to form proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids are classified as essential amino acids (EAA)?

    <p>Leucine and valine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe amino acids that can act as both an acid and a base?

    <p>Amphoteric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids is classified as a branched chain amino acid (BCAA)?

    <p>Leucine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a complete protein?

    <p>Beans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids is classified as an essential amino acid (EAA)?

    <p>Methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids is considered a subset of the essential amino acids (EAA) and is highly enriched in blood leaving the liver?

    <p>Leucine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about plant products as a source of complete proteins?

    <p>Plant products have a variable amino acid composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about zwitterions?

    <p>They have both a positive and a negative charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a property of amino acids at pH=7?

    <p>Act as a reducing agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the nitrogen cycle?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet?

    <p>Essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of nitrogen for plants?

    <p>Atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the transamination of glutamate to alanine?

    <p>Alanine aminotransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is involved in antioxidant reactions and can form disulfide bonds?

    <p>Cysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is part of important proteins and peptides such as keratin and insulin?

    <p>Methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is sometimes grouped with neutral polar amino acids due to its borderline polarity?

    <p>Tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about branched chain amino acids (BCAA’s)?

    <p>BCAA’s are classified as essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about essential amino acids (EAA)?

    <p>EAA’s are required in the diet and include valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a complete protein?

    <p>Plant products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about soy as a source of complete proteins?

    <p>Soy is not usually considered a complete protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about quinoa as a source of complete proteins?

    <p>Quinoa is considered a complete protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the amino acid composition of beans?

    <p>Beans are low in methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the amino acid composition of wheat?

    <p>Wheat is low in lysine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the amino acid composition of corn?

    <p>Corn is low in both methionine and lysine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about amino acids in general at pH = 7?

    <p>Amino acids have no net charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the classification of amino acids based on their charge at pH = 7?

    <p>Amino acids can have both a positive and a negative charge at pH = 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

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