Amino Acid Classification

Valine is an amino acid that the body can synthesize on its own.

Arginine is an amino acid that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained through diet.

Tyrosine is an amino acid that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained through diet.

Ammonia and aspartate are molecules used to create urea in the liver.

Glutamine synthetase is an enzyme responsible for converting glutamine into glutamate.

Asparagine synthetase is an enzyme whose main function is to create asparagine from aspartate and glutamine.

Glutamine and aspartate are the two substrates for the asparagine synthetase reaction.

ADP is a molecule that increases the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase in the direction of breaking down glutamate.

6-N-Methyllysine is a modified amino acid found in elastin, a protein that provides flexibility and elasticity to tissues.

Serine is an amino acid that is used to create acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction and memory.

Histidine is an amino acid that can be converted to histamine, a signaling molecule involved in allergic reactions and inflammation.

Methionine and serine are both precursors to cysteine, an amino acid involved in protein structure and antioxidant functions.

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) plays a crucial role in nitrogen assimilation by plants, especially in the absence of light.

Insulin is a protein hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake by cells.

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a protein hormone that prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses by increasing heart rate and blood pressure.

Vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone) is a protein hormone that helps regulate water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Aspartic acid is an amino acid with a carboxyl group (COOH) as its side chain, which makes it acidic.

Lysine is an amino acid with an amino group (NH2) as its side chain, which makes it basic.

Glycine is an amino acid with a simple hydrogen atom as its side chain, making it achiral, meaning it doesn't have a chiral center.

Leucine is an amino acid with a hydrophobic side chain, making it nonpolar and reluctant to interact with water.

Asparagine synthetase is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of asparagine. Its EC number starts with 6, indicating its involvement in ligase reactions.

Glutamine synthetase is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of glutamate to glutamine.

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is a neurotransmitter formed from the amino acid glutamic acid.

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter formed from the amino acid tryptophan.

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter formed from the amino acid tyrosine.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are neurotransmitters synthesized from tyrosine.

Collagen is a protein found in connective tissues, such as skin, bones, and tendons, and its function is to provide structural support.

Ovalbumin is a protein found in egg whites and serves as a storage protein for nutrients for the developing chick.

Keratin is a protein found in hair, skin, and nails, and its function is to provide structure and protection.

Actin is a protein involved in muscle contraction, allowing for movement and locomotion.

Myoglobin is a protein found in muscle cells that binds and stores oxygen for muscle function.

Ion exchange chromatography is a technique used to separate amino acids based on their charge and hydrophobic interactions.

In a cation-exchange column, positively charged amino acids bind to the column, while negatively charged amino acids flow through.

Leucine is an amino acid that is synthesized from 3-phosphoglycerate, a molecule involved in the glycolysis pathway.

Proline is an amino acid that is synthesized from glutamate, an amino acid involved in neurotransmission.

Serine is an amino acid that serves as a substrate for hydroxymethyl transferase to form glycine.

Threonine is an amino acid that is biosynthesized from aspartic acid, an amino acid involved in the citric acid cycle.