Amino Acid Metabolism

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Questions and Answers

Which category of amino acids contains a benzene ring or a nonbenzene hydrocarbon chain?

Neutral Non-Polar (correct)

Acidic

Neutral Polar

Basic

Which amino acid contains a thiol group that can form disulfide bonds?

Valine

Cysteine (correct)

Glycine

Serine

Which amino acid is sometimes grouped with neutral polar amino acids, despite being borderline with respect to polarity?

Glycine

Proline

Cysteine (correct)

Valine

Which amino acid can be phosphorylated and has an OH group that can be a site of carbohydrate attachment?

Serine Signup and view all the answers

Which category of amino acids has a negative charge and is hydrophilic?

Acidic Signup and view all the answers

Which category of amino acids has a positive charge and is hydrophilic?

Basic Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is not commonly found in protein structures that require rotation, such as alpha-helices?

Proline Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid contains sulfur and can help bind metals?

Methionine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is part of many important proteins and peptides, including keratin and insulin?

Cysteine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is an antioxidant, with the sequence Gly-Cys-Glu?

Cysteine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three ways nitrogen can be incorporated into an amino acid?

Deamination Signup and view all the answers

Which coenzyme is required for transaminations to occur?

PLP Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of glutamate to glutamine in the glutamate family of amino acids?

Glutamine synthetase Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid family shares pyruvate as a common precursor?

Pyruvate family Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is synthesized directly from pyruvate?

Alanine Signup and view all the answers

What is the coenzyme form of vitamin B9 (folate) that picks up the nitrogen during serine metabolism?

THF Signup and view all the answers

What can a deficiency in folate lead to?

Anemia Signup and view all the answers

Can supplementing with folate decrease the likelihood of certain cancers?

Yes Signup and view all the answers

Would it be good or bad to supplement with folate if someone already has cancer?

Bad Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid family includes histidine?

Aromatic family Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Progressive mental retardation Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of histamine in the body?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Where does the urea cycle occur in the body?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is used to start the urea cycle?

Carbamoyl phosphate Signup and view all the answers

Where does the nitrogen for urea come from?

Ammonia Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are both glucogenic and ketogenic?

Leucine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid can be decarboxylated to produce histamine?

Histidine Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the urea cycle?

To convert ammonia into urea for excretion Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of arginine to ornithine in the urea cycle?

Arginase Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body has high levels of glutamine synthetase?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid family contains amino acids with a negative charge and is hydrophilic?

Acidic Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid family contains amino acids with a positive charge and is hydrophilic?

Basic Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid family contains amino acids with a benzene ring or a nonbenzene hydrocarbon chain?

Neutral Non-Polar Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid family contains amino acids with a hydroxyl group that can be a site of carbohydrate attachment?

Neutral Polar Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid contains a thiol group that can form disulfide bonds?

Cysteine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is sometimes grouped with neutral polar amino acids, despite being borderline with respect to polarity?

Cysteine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is part of many important proteins and peptides, including keratin and insulin?

Cysteine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid can be phosphorylated and has an OH group that can be a site of carbohydrate attachment?

Serine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is not commonly found in protein structures that require rotation, such as alpha-helices?

Glycine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid contains a sulfur atom and can help bind metals?

Cysteine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way that nitrogen can be incorporated into an amino acid?

Deamination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids is part of the pyruvate family?

Alanine Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of glutamate to glutamine in the glutamate family of amino acids?

Glutamine synthetase Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is both glucogenic and ketogenic?

Lysine Signup and view all the answers

Which category of amino acids contains a benzene ring or a nonbenzene hydrocarbon chain?

Aromatic family Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the urea cycle?

To convert ammonia to urea for excretion Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is used to start the urea cycle?

Ornithine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid family includes histidine?

Histidine family Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is an antioxidant, with the sequence Gly-Cys-Glu?

Glutathione Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body has high levels of glutamine synthetase?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is both glucogenic and ketogenic?

Tyrosine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is involved in the synthesis of the important electron carrier CoQ in animals?

Phenylalanine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is associated with the autosomal recessive disorder Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Phenylalanine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is converted to phenylketone and excreted in urine in individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Phenylalanine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is part of the aromatic family and is only found in plants?

Tryptophan Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid can be decarboxylated to produce histamine?

Histidine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is an important precursor for the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine?

Phenylalanine Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of arginine to ornithine in the urea cycle?

Arginase Signup and view all the answers

Where does the urea cycle occur in the body?

Cytosol Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the urea cycle?

To convert ammonia to urea for excretion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Amino Acid Categories

Aromatic amino acids contain a benzene ring or a nonbenzene hydrocarbon chain
Acidic amino acids have a negative charge and are hydrophilic
Basic amino acids have a positive charge and are hydrophilic

Amino Acid Properties

Cysteine contains a thiol group that can form disulfide bonds
Tyrosine is sometimes grouped with neutral polar amino acids, despite being borderline with respect to polarity
Serine can be phosphorylated and has an OH group that can be a site of carbohydrate attachment
Glycine is not commonly found in protein structures that require rotation, such as alpha-helices
Methionine contains sulfur and can help bind metals
Cysteine is part of many important proteins and peptides, including keratin and insulin

Amino Acid Families

Glutamate family shares pyruvate as a common precursor
Aspartate family includes aspartate and asparagine
Histidine family includes histidine
Pyruvate family includes alanine, valine, and leucine

Urea Cycle

Occurs in the liver and kidney
Purpose is to remove ammonia from the body
Starts with the molecule ammonia
Nitrogen for urea comes from ammonia
Arginine is converted to ornithine in the urea cycle by the enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase
Ornithine is then converted to citrulline

Other Amino Acids

Glutamine is an important precursor for the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine
Phenylalanine is associated with the autosomal recessive disorder Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Tyrosine can be decarboxylated to produce histamine
Glutamine synthetase is found in high levels in the brain

Vitamin B9 (Folate)

Coenzyme form is tetrahydrofolate (THF)
Picks up nitrogen during serine metabolism
Deficiency in folate can lead to anemia and birth defects
Supplementing with folate can decrease the likelihood of certain cancers
However, it is not recommended to supplement with folate if someone already has cancer

Studying That Suits You

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Description

Test your knowledge of amino acid classifications! This quiz will challenge you to categorize amino acids based on their polarity, describe the properties of each category, and identify any unique groups. Can you match the 3-letter and 1-letter codes to the correct amino acids? Put your skills to the test with this amino acid classification quiz!

Amino Acid Metabolism

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Questions and Answers

Which category of amino acids contains a benzene ring or a nonbenzene hydrocarbon chain?

Which amino acid contains a thiol group that can form disulfide bonds?

Which amino acid is sometimes grouped with neutral polar amino acids, despite being borderline with respect to polarity?

Which amino acid can be phosphorylated and has an OH group that can be a site of carbohydrate attachment?

Which category of amino acids has a negative charge and is hydrophilic?

Which category of amino acids has a positive charge and is hydrophilic?

Which amino acid is not commonly found in protein structures that require rotation, such as alpha-helices?

Which amino acid contains sulfur and can help bind metals?

Which amino acid is part of many important proteins and peptides, including keratin and insulin?

Which amino acid is an antioxidant, with the sequence Gly-Cys-Glu?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three ways nitrogen can be incorporated into an amino acid?

Which coenzyme is required for transaminations to occur?

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of glutamate to glutamine in the glutamate family of amino acids?

Which amino acid family shares pyruvate as a common precursor?

Which amino acid is synthesized directly from pyruvate?

What is the coenzyme form of vitamin B9 (folate) that picks up the nitrogen during serine metabolism?

What can a deficiency in folate lead to?

Can supplementing with folate decrease the likelihood of certain cancers?

Would it be good or bad to supplement with folate if someone already has cancer?

Which amino acid family includes histidine?

Which of the following is a symptom of Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

What is the significance of histamine in the body?

Where does the urea cycle occur in the body?

Which molecule is used to start the urea cycle?

Where does the nitrogen for urea come from?

Which amino acids are both glucogenic and ketogenic?

Which amino acid can be decarboxylated to produce histamine?

What is the purpose of the urea cycle?

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of arginine to ornithine in the urea cycle?

Which part of the body has high levels of glutamine synthetase?

Which amino acid family contains amino acids with a negative charge and is hydrophilic?

Which amino acid family contains amino acids with a positive charge and is hydrophilic?

Which amino acid family contains amino acids with a benzene ring or a nonbenzene hydrocarbon chain?

Which amino acid family contains amino acids with a hydroxyl group that can be a site of carbohydrate attachment?

Which amino acid contains a thiol group that can form disulfide bonds?

Which amino acid is sometimes grouped with neutral polar amino acids, despite being borderline with respect to polarity?

Which amino acid is part of many important proteins and peptides, including keratin and insulin?

Which amino acid can be phosphorylated and has an OH group that can be a site of carbohydrate attachment?

Which amino acid is not commonly found in protein structures that require rotation, such as alpha-helices?

Which amino acid contains a sulfur atom and can help bind metals?

Which of the following is NOT a way that nitrogen can be incorporated into an amino acid?

Which of the following amino acids is part of the pyruvate family?

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of glutamate to glutamine in the glutamate family of amino acids?

Which amino acid is both glucogenic and ketogenic?

Which category of amino acids contains a benzene ring or a nonbenzene hydrocarbon chain?

What is the purpose of the urea cycle?

Which molecule is used to start the urea cycle?

Which amino acid family includes histidine?

Which amino acid is an antioxidant, with the sequence Gly-Cys-Glu?

Which part of the body has high levels of glutamine synthetase?

Which amino acid is both glucogenic and ketogenic?

Which amino acid is involved in the synthesis of the important electron carrier CoQ in animals?

Which amino acid is associated with the autosomal recessive disorder Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Which amino acid is converted to phenylketone and excreted in urine in individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Which amino acid is part of the aromatic family and is only found in plants?

Which amino acid can be decarboxylated to produce histamine?

Which amino acid is an important precursor for the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine?

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of arginine to ornithine in the urea cycle?

Where does the urea cycle occur in the body?

What is the purpose of the urea cycle?

Study Notes

Amino Acid Categories

Amino Acid Properties

Amino Acid Families

Urea Cycle

Other Amino Acids

Vitamin B9 (Folate)

Studying That Suits You

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