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Questions and Answers
What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme phosphohydroxypyruvate?
What is the amino acid synthesized from Homocysteine and Serine?
What is the co-factor required for the enzyme Serine hydroxymethyl transferase?
What is the amino acid synthesized from Pyruvate?
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What is the intermediate of the Citric Acid Cycle required for Glutamate synthesis?
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What is the energy source required for Glutamine synthesis?
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What is the nitrogen source in the asparagine synthetase reaction?
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What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by phenylalanine hydroxylase?
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What is the cofactor required for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine?
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What is the name of the disease caused by a deficiency in vitamin C?
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What is the role of SECIS binding protein in selenocysteine synthesis?
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What is the intermediate formed in the asparagine synthetase reaction?
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Study Notes
Amino Acid Biosynthesis
- Serine is synthesized from 3-phosphoglycerate through a series of reactions involving dephosphorylation and transamination, enzymes involved include 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and serine hydroxymethyl transferase.
- Glycine is synthesized from serine through a reaction involving serine hydroxymethyl transferase, pyridoxal phosphate, and folate.
- Alanine is synthesized from pyruvate through a reaction involving alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transferase (SGPT), amino donor is glutamate or aspartate, and amino receiver is pyruvate.
Citric Acid Cycle Intermediate Glutamate
- Glutamate is synthesized through reductive amidation, involving the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase, and requires NADPH and NH4.
Glutamine Synthesis
- Glutamine is synthesized from glutamate and NH4, requiring ATP and Mg, through the enzyme glutamine synthase.
Asparagine Synthesis
- Asparagine is synthesized from aspartate and glutamine, requiring ATP, through the enzyme asparagine synthetase.
Semi-Essential Amino Acids
- Arginine is synthesized through the urea cycle, involving the enzyme arginase, and can be converted to glutamate.
- Proline is synthesized from glutamate-5-semialdehyde, which arises from arginine or glutamine, through spontaneous cyclization.
Hydroxylation Reactions
- Hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine are synthesized from proline and lysine, respectively, through the enzyme prolyl/lysyl hydroxylase, requiring Vit C, Fe2, and alpha-ketoglutarate.
Selenocysteine Synthesis
- Selenocysteine is synthesized from serine and selenium, involving the enzyme phosphoryl-tRNA(sec) kinase and SECIS binding protein.
Aromatic Amino Acid Synthesis
- Tyrosine is synthesized from phenylalanine through the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, requiring tetrahydrobiopterin.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the biosynthesis pathway of amino acids, including the synthesis of tyrosine, glycine, cysteine, alanine, and more. Learn about the enzymes and intermediates involved in the process.
