Questions and Answers
What are New Immigrants?
What is a settlement house?
A community center that provided social services to the urban poor.
Who are liberal Protestants?
Those who believed that religion had to be adapted to science.
What was the Tuskegee Institute?
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What are land-grant colleges?
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What is pragmatism?
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What is yellow journalism?
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What was the National American Woman Suffrage Association?
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What was the purpose of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union?
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What is realism in art?
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What is naturalism?
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What is regionalism in literature?
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What is the City Beautiful Movement?
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What was the World's Columbian Exposition?
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Who was Jane Addams?
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What did Charles Darwin contribute to science?
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Who was Booker T. Washington?
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Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?
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Who was Joseph Pulitzer?
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Who was William Randolph Hearst?
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Who was John Dewey?
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Who was Carrie Chapman Catt?
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Who was Horatio Alger?
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Who was Mark Twain?
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Who was Henry James?
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Who was Winslow Homer?
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Who was Augustus Saint-Gaudens?
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Who was Frederick Law Olmsted?
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Study Notes
Immigration and Social Movements
- New Immigrants: Arrived during and after the 1880s, primarily from southern and eastern Europe.
- Settlement houses: Community centers aimed at providing social services to urban poor populations.
Religious and Educational Shifts
- Liberal Protestants: Advocated for adapting religion to scientific understanding, emphasizing moral lessons from the Bible over literal interpretation.
- Tuskegee Institute: Founded by Booker T. Washington to educate African Americans in practical skills for self-sufficiency.
Philosophical and Educational Developments
- Land-grant colleges: Educational institutions established on federally donated lands to promote higher education.
- Pragmatism: A philosophy prioritizing outcomes and effects over processes, influencing various fields including education.
Journalism and Literature
- Yellow journalism: Sensationalist journalism that exaggerates news to attract readers, famously used by Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst.
- Realism: 19th-century artistic movement focusing on depicting life as it truly is, rejecting idealization.
- Naturalism: A literary offshoot of realism applying scientific objectivity to human character studies.
- Regionalism: Literary focus on specific geographical areas, highlighting local influences in storytelling.
Social Reform and Activism
- National American Woman Suffrage Association: Formed by leading suffragists, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton, to advocate for women's voting rights.
- Woman's Christian Temperance Union: A key organization aimed at promoting the end of alcohol sales and reducing alcohol consumption.
Artistic Movements
- City Beautiful Movement: An initiative by architects to enhance beauty and order in industrial cities.
- World's Columbian Exposition: 1893 fair in Chicago celebrating Columbus's 1492 arrival in the New World.
Notable Figures
- Jane Addams: Founder of the Settlement House Movement and first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
- Charles Darwin: Proposed the theory of evolution through natural selection, authoring "On the Origin of Species."
- Booker T. Washington: Prominent African American leader advocating for economic self-reliance and head of the Tuskegee Institute.
- W.E.B. Du Bois: Civil rights leader emphasizing immediate civil rights for African Americans and co-founder of the NAACP.
- John Dewey: Advocate for progressive education based on pragmatic philosophy.
Cultural Figures
- Carrie Chapman Catt: Led the National Women's Suffrage Association and played a crucial role in securing the 19th Amendment in 1920.
- Horatio Alger: Novelist known for "rags to riches" stories that underscored the importance of hard work.
- Mark Twain: Renowned writer and humorist, known for novels like "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."
- Henry James: Author celebrated for exploring themes of American innocence versus European sophistication, noted for "Washington Square."
- Winslow Homer: Realist painter famous for evocative seascapes of New England.
- Augustus Saint-Gaudens: Influential sculptor recognized for his grand and robust artistic compositions.
- Frederick Law Olmsted: Designer of Central Park, aimed to incorporate natural beauty into urban settings; played a pivotal role in the City Beautiful Movement.
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Explore key concepts from Chapter 25 of the American Pageant, focusing on the New Immigrants, settlement houses, and liberal Protestants. This quiz will test your knowledge on the major social changes and movements in America during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.